Management Modalities for Traumatic Macular Hole: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis

<p><i>Purposes</i>: The purposes of this study were to (i) determine macular hole (MH) closure rates and visual outcomes by comparing two methods of managing traumatic MH (TMH)—an event resulting in severe loss of visual acuity (VA); (ii) characterize patients who undergo spontaneous TMH closure; (iii) determine which TMH patients should be observed before resorting to surgical repair; and (iv) elucidate factors that influence postoperative visual outcomes.</p> <p><i>Methods</i>: Studies (n=10) of patients who were managed by surgery or observation for TMH were meta-analyzed retrospectively. Management modalities included <i>surgical repair</i> (surgery group) and <i>observation</i> for spontaneous hole closure (observation group). In addition, a 12-case series of articles (1990–2014) on spontaneous hole closure was statistically summarized. SAS and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) (version 3.0) were used for analysis.</p> <p><i>Results</i>: For surgery group patients, the fixed-model pooled event rate for hole closure was 0.919 (range, 0.861–0.954) and for observation group patients, 0.368 (range, 0.236–0.448). The random-model pooled event rate for improvement of visual acuity (VA) for surgery group patients was 0.748 (range, 0.610–0.849) and for observation group patients, 0.505 (range, 0.397–0.613). For patients in both groups, the mean age of spontaneous closure was 18.71±10.64 years; mean size of TMHs, 0.18±0.06 decimal degrees (DD); and mean time for hole closure, 3.38±3.08 months. The pooled event rate for visual improvement was 0.748 (0.610–0.849).</p> <p><i>Conclusions</i>: Hole closure and VA improvement rates of surgery group patients were significantly higher than those for observation group patients. Patients of ≤ 24 years of age with MH sizes of ≤ 0.2DD were more likely to achieve spontaneous hole closure. The interval of time from injury to surgery was statistically significantly associated with the level of visual improvement.</p

Graphene Fluorescence Switch-Based Cooperative Amplification: A Sensitive and Accurate Method to Detection MicroRNA

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in a diverse range of biological progress and have been regarded as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Sensitive and accurate detection of miRNAs is crucial for better understanding their roles in cancer cells and further validating their function in clinical diagnosis. Here, we developed a stable, sensitive, and specific miRNAs detection method on the basis of cooperative amplification combining with the graphene oxide (GO) fluorescence switch-based circular exponential amplification and the multimolecules labeling of SYBR Green I (SG). First, the target miRNA is adsorbed on the surface of GO, which can protect the miRNA from enzyme digest. Next, the miRNA hybridizes with a partial hairpin probe and then acts as a primer to initiate a strand displacement reaction to form a complete duplex. Finally, under the action of nicking enzyme, universal DNA fragments are released and used as triggers to initiate next reaction cycle, constituting a new circular exponential amplification. In the proposed strategy, a small amount of target miRNA can be converted to a large number of stable DNA triggers, leading to a remarkable amplification for the target. Moreover, compared with labeling with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, multimolecules binding of intercalating dye SG to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) can induce significant enhancement of fluorescence signal and further improve the detection sensitivity. The extraordinary fluorescence quenching of GO used here guarantees the high signal-to-noise ratio. Due to the protection for target miRNA by GO, the cooperative amplification, and low fluorescence background, sensitive and accurate detection of miRNAs has been achieved. The strategy proposed here will offer a new approach for reliable quantification of miRNAs in medical research and early clinical diagnostics

Additional file 1 of Quantitative evaluation of ocular vascularity and correlation analysis in patients with diabetic retinopathy by SMI and OCTA

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Comparison of retinal blood flow parameters in UWF-OCTA in patients with different stages of DR. Supplementary Table S2. Choroidal blood flow parameters in UWF-OCTA in patients with different stages of DR. Supplementary Table S3. Correlation analysis of retrobulbar hemodynamics and IOP, MAP. Supplementary Fig. S1. Scatter plots between IOP and retrobulbar hemodynamics. Supplementary Fig. S2. Scatter plots between MAP and retrobulbar hemodynamics. Supplementary Table S4. Receiver curves of retrobulbar hemodynamic parameters between NDR and VTDR. Supplementary Fig. S3. ROC curves of ocular hemodynamics between NDR and VTDR

Preoperative socieodemographic, clinical, CLVQOL and self-rated satisfaction data, and primary surgery data of 140 eligible RRD patients^*.

<p>*CLVQOL: Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire, RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, BCVA: best corrected visual acuity, SD: standard deviation.</p

Preoperative and postoperative logMAR BCVA, CLVQOL scores and self-rated satisfaction degrees in 92 RRD patients^*.

<p>*CLVQOL: Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire, RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, BCVA: best corrected visual acuity, SD: standard deviation.</p

Preoperative and postoperative total CLVQOL composite scores [median (range)] in 32 macula-on and 60 macula-off RRD patients^*.

<p>*CLVQOL: Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire, RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.</p

Turning Nonspecific Interference into Signal Amplification: Covalent Biosensing Nanoassembly Enabled by Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling

In this work, a new method of protein detection in complicated samples is proposed. This method employs probe-target recognition to induce cross-linking among the probe, the target, and the nonspecific proteins in the complicated sample as a means to convert interference into effective signal amplification. This also eliminates the necessity of multistep signal amplification in a separate solution system. On the basis of this strategy, a simple and robust assay for the activity of serum cathepsin B is established. Peptide probes immobilized on a sensing slide can recognize cathepsin B, and this can induce thiol-alkyne covalent coupling between the probe and cathepsin B. Meanwhile, applying electrochemical potential scanning to this sensing surface, Cu binding fragments of the probe peptide can be released into the solution phase to act as an electrochemical catalyst for oxidative dityrosine cross-linking among all proteins including the captured cathepsin B and the nonspecific proteins. A continuous nanoassembly covalently anchored on the sensing surface can gradually form, allowing violent detergent rinsing to remove residual interference. Using this method, not only sensitivity in the picomolar range can be achieved for serum analysis, the results of the analysis can also reliably discriminate benign and cancerous ovarian conditions. These results may suggest prospective application of this method in early screening of cancer in the future

Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Biosensing of Cell Surface N‑Glycan Expression Based on the Enhancement of Nanogold-Assembled Mesoporous Silica Amplified by Graphene Quantum Dots and Hybridization Chain Reaction

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor for N-glycan expression based on the enhancement of nanogold-assembled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (GMSNs) was fabricated, which also combined with multibranched hybridization chain reaction (mHCR) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). In this work, the localized surface plasmon resonance, mHCR and GQDs-induced signal amplification strategies were integrated exquisitely and applied sufficiently. In the fabrication, after porous ZnO spheres immobilized on the Au nanorod-modified paper working electrode were sensitized by CdTe QDs, the GMSNs were assembled on the CdTe QDs. Then the photocurrent efficiency was improved by the sensitization of the CdTe QDs and the localized surface plasmon resonance of GMSNs. Successively, the products of mHCR with multiple biotins for multiple horseradish peroxidase binding and multiple branched arms for capturing the target cells were attached on the as-prepared electrode. The chemiluminescent (CL) emission with the aid of horseradish peroxidase served as an inner light source to excite photoactive materials for simplifying the instrument. Furthermore, the aptamer could capture the cancer cells by its highly efficient cell recognition ability, which avoided the conventional routing cell counting procedures. Meanwhile, the GQDs served as the signal amplication strategy, which was exerted in the process of N-glycan evaluation because the competitive absorption of exciting light and consumption of H₂O₂ served as the electron donor of the PEC system and the oxidant of the luminol-based CL system. This judiciously engineered biosensor offered a promising platform for the exploration of N-glycan-based physiological processes

A summary of ICERs (CNY (USD)/QALY) in sensitivity analyses for RRD surgery in an elderly population (n = 98).

<p>ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; CNY, Chinese Yuan; USD, US dollar; RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.</p><p>A summary of ICERs (CNY (USD)/QALY) in sensitivity analyses for RRD surgery in an elderly population (n = 98).</p

Outcomes of visual acuity for RRD surgery in an elderly population (n = 98).

<p>*A comparison was made between age groups of patients who were in their 70s and 80s using independent samples t-tests. A value of P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.</p><p>RRD, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; LogMAR, Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>Outcomes of visual acuity for RRD surgery in an elderly population (n = 98).</p