TEM images of the soil FAs from the NPK (a–b) and SM (d–e) treatments during a long-term (i.e., 22-year) fertilization experiment.

<p>Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of the two images indicated by the blue squares, demonstrate that the black regions are polycrystal (c) or short-ranged-order (SRO) (f) minerals. NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure. (g) and (h) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of region 1 and 2 located at the red square frames.</p

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra of soil fulvic acids from the NPK (a) and SM (b) plots and FTIR spectra of the fulvic acids (c) during a long-term (i.e., 22-year) fertilization experiment.

<p>Note that peaks A, B and C were located at Ex/Em of 230/410, 250/410, and 330/410, respectively. NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

The X-ray diffraction pattern of soil FAs from the NPK and SM treatments during a long-term (i.e., 22-year) fertilization experiment.

<p>NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

One-dimensional FTIR spectra of soil FAs from the NPK (a) and M (b) treatments during a long-term (i.e., 22-year) fertilization experiment.

<p>NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

Physiochemical characteristics of soil fulvic acids in the NPK and M treatments^*.

<p>*Note: Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests, where conditions of normality and homogeneity of variance were met, means (<i>n</i> = 3) followed by different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at <i>P</i><0.05. Abbreviations: NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure; SOC, soil organic carbon; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; EC, electricity conductivity.</p

Synchronous 2D correlation maps generated from the FTIR spectra of soil FAs in the NPK (a, c and e) and SM (b, d and f) treatments with Al.

<p>Red represents positive correlation, and blue represents negative correlation; a higher color intensity indicates a stronger positive or negative correlation. NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

A model for CLV signaling (Adapted from [46] and [47]).

<p>A model for CLV signaling (Adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089241#pone.0089241-Bleckmann1" target="_blank">[46]</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089241#pone.0089241-Gagne1" target="_blank">[47]</a>).</p

Time course of full wavelength scanning of TGA-capped CdTe QDs.

<p>Time course of full wavelength scanning of TGA-capped CdTe QDs.</p

CLV3-QD localizes to the cell membrane of <i>Arabidopsis</i> root protoplasts.

<p>A. Bright field of control cells with QDs; B. fluorescent field of control cells incubated with QDs. After incubation, the probes were washed and no fluorescence was observed; C. Bright field of cells incubated with CLV3-QD probes; D. fluorescent field of C; after incubation, the probes were washed and a green fluorescent circle was observed at the membrane of the cells. Scale bar, 50 µm.</p

Peptide modification reduces the cytotoxicity of QDs. Data are the means of three independent replicates ± Standard Error (SE).

<p>Peptide modification reduces the cytotoxicity of QDs. Data are the means of three independent replicates ± Standard Error (SE).</p