Standard metabolic rate differs between Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) growth forms

In variable environments, repeatable phenotypic differences between individuals provides the variation required for natural selection. The Pace Of Life Syndrome (POLS) provides a conceptual framework linking individual physiology and life histories to behaviour, where rapidly-growing individuals demonstrate higher rates of resting or ‘standard’ metabolic rate (SMR). If differences in SMR are consistent between fast and slow growing individuals, these differences may be important to capture in bioenergetic relationships used to describe their growth, energy acquisition and allocation. We compared growth rates and SMR between a domesticated and wild strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) using intermittent flow respirometry. Though mass scaling exponents were similar between strains, mass scaling coefficients of SMR for fast-growing Rainbow Trout were 1.25 times higher than for slower-growing fish. These observed differences in mass scaling coefficients between fast and slow growing Rainbow Trout were consistent with data extracted from several other studies. Bioenergetic estimates of consumption for domestic strain fish increased as the difference in SMR and wild strain fish increased, and increased as activity level increased. Our results indicate patterns of SMR consistent with POLS, and suggest that strain-specific SMR equations may be important for applications to active populations (i.e. field observations).The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author

Trust in Human-AI Symbiosis

As Artificial Intelligence increasingly supports critical decision-making in different real-world contexts, understanding trust between humans and Al becomes crucial. The goal of this study is to explore how various levels of Al transparency, control, and error influence human trust in Al-based decision support in safety-critical systems. By evaluating participant responses to Al recommendations across different operational modes, this research aims to identify optimal conditions that foster trust and enhance collaboration between humans and Al in high-risk environments. The findings will inform the development of more effective and reliable Al systems

Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized controlled trial

AbstractThe efficacy of convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Although most randomized controlled trials have shown negative results, uncontrolled studies have suggested that the antibody content could influence patient outcomes. We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma for adults with COVID-19 receiving oxygen within 12 d of respiratory symptom onset (NCT04348656). Patients were allocated 2:1 to 500 ml of convalescent plasma or standard of care. The composite primary outcome was intubation or death by 30 d. Exploratory analyses of the effect of convalescent plasma antibodies on the primary outcome was assessed by logistic regression. The trial was terminated at 78% of planned enrollment after meeting stopping criteria for futility. In total, 940 patients were randomized, and 921 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Intubation or death occurred in 199/614 (32.4%) patients in the convalescent plasma arm and 86/307 (28.0%) patients in the standard of care arm—relative risk (RR) = 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94–1.43,P = 0.18). Patients in the convalescent plasma arm had more serious adverse events (33.4% versus 26.4%; RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.57,P = 0.034). The antibody content significantly modulated the therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma. In multivariate analysis, each standardized log increase in neutralization or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity independently reduced the potential harmful effect of plasma (odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.95 and OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87, respectively), whereas IgG against the full transmembrane spike protein increased it (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.05). Convalescent plasma did not reduce the risk of intubation or death at 30 d in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Transfusion of convalescent plasma with unfavorable antibody profiles could be associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to standard care.</jats:p