351,302 research outputs found
The D^{10} R^4 term in type IIB string theory
The modular invariant coefficient of the D^{2k} {\cal{R}}^4 term in the
effective action of type IIB superstring theory is expected to satisfy Poisson
equation on the fundamental domain of SL(2,Z). Under certain assumptions, we
obtain the equation satisfied by D^{10} {\cal{R}}^4 using the tree level and
one loop results for four graviton scattering in type II string theory. This
leads to the conclusion that the perturbative contributions to D^{10}
{\cal{R}}^4 vanish above three loops, and also predicts the coefficients at two
and three loops.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe
Vertex Operators for Super Yang-Mills and Multi D-Branes in Green-Schwarz Superstring
We study vertex operators for super Yang-Mills and multi D-branes in
covariant form using Green-Schwarz formalism. We introduce the contact terms
naturally and prove space-time supersymmetry and gauge invariance. The
nonlinear realization of broken supersymmetry in the presence of D-branes is
also discussed. The shift of fermionic coordinate \delta^{(-)}\Psi =\eta
becomes exact symmetry of D-brane in the static gauge, where is a
constant spinor in U(1) direction.Comment: Latex, 16 page
An algorithmic approach to resolutions
We provide an algorithmic method for constructing projective resolutions of
modules over quotients of path algebras. This algorithm is modified to
construct minimal projective resolutions of linear modules over Koszul
algebras
Vacuum Values for Auxiliary String Fields
Auxiliary string fields are introduced in light-cone gauge string field
theory in order to express contact interactions as contractions of cubic
vertices. The auxiliary field in the purely closed-string bosonic theory may be
given a non-zero expectation value, leading to a phase in which world-sheets
have boundaries.Comment: 13 pages, DAMTP/94-2
Connections between M-theory and superstrings
This article reviews the non-perturbative structure of certain higher
derivative terms in the type II string theory effective action and their
connection to one-loop effects in eleven-dimensional supergravity compactified
on a torus. New material is also included that was not presented in the talks.Comment: 24 pages LaTeX. Based on talks given at various conferences. To be
published in the proceedings of the 1997 Advanced Study Institute on Strings,
Branes and Dualities, Cargese, Franc
Effects of D-instantons
Scattering of fundamental states of type IIB supergravity and superstring
theory is discussed at low orders in perturbation theory in the background of a
D-instanton. The integration over fermionic zero modes in both the low energy
supergravity and in the string theory leads to explicit nonperturbative terms
in the effective action. These include a single instanton correction to the
known tree-level and one-loop interactions. The `spectrum' of
multiply-charged D-instantons is deduced by T-duality in nine dimensions from
multiply-wound world-lines of marginally-bound D-particles. This, and other
clues, lead to a conjectured SL(2,Z) completion of the terms which
suggests that they are not renormalized by perturbative corrections in the
zero-instanton sector beyond one loop. The string theory unit-charged
D-instanton gives rise to point-like effects in fixed-angle scattering, raising
unresolved issues concerning distance scales in superstring theory.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures, Latex, Reference added, corrected coefficients
in expansion of generalized Eisenstein series in equation 66 now agree with
hep-th/970414
The Influence of World-Sheet Boundaries on Critical Closed String Theory
This paper considers interactions between closed strings and open strings
satisfying either Neumann or constant (point-like) Dirichlet boundary
conditions in a BRST formalism in the critical dimension. With Neumann
conditions this reproduces the well-known stringy version of the Higgs
mechanism. With Dirichlet conditions the open-string states correspond to
either auxiliary or Lagrange multiplier target-space fields and their coupling
to the closed-string sector leads to constraints on the closed-string spectrum.Comment: 15 pages, QMW-92-18;NI9201
Epidemiological information in sheep health management
We use epidemiology whenever we consider the management of sheep health. To measure a disease, we need a precise and unique case definition and we often use diagnostic tests to assist in defining a disease. Diagnostic tests are not always accurate. Thus, it is necessary to consider the decisions that will be taken, based on the result of testing, in order to decide the most useful approach to interpret a test based on its test sensitivity and specificity and the prevalence of the disease in a flock. This is particularly important when decisions on culling or selection of sheep to attain, e.g. freedom from disease, are made on the basis of test results. Infectious diseases spread within and between flocks in a variety of ways; brought-in sheep are the most likely source for introduction of a new pathogen or strain of a pathogen. When a pathogen enters a naĂŻve flock, it spreads through susceptible sheep and persists in the flock, whilst there are susceptible sheep that can be infected. Pathogens use a variety of techniques to persist, including changes in the pathogen itself, alterations in infected hosts enabling them to remain infectious for prolonged periods or to be re-infected, persistence in other host species or in the environment. We need to consider these strategies to decide whether elimination or control of a particular pathogen is more likely to be effective. Whatever the flock control strategy, treatment of diseased individuals is essential for their welfare and can also protect the rest of the flock, if treatment reduces the infectious period. Decisions on management of disease are based on our knowledge of the flock and its management and the evidence base for various control strategies. There are now formal techniques for evaluating the evidence base that can assist in evaluating evidence. One area where we need to evaluate evidence is on cause. It is not possible to prove anything, but we can use the weight of evidence to evaluate likely cause. There are nine aspects of association with which we can evaluate a piece of evidence; these are: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, doseâresponse, plausibility, coherence, experiment and analogy
Anomalies, D-flatness and Small Instantons
Recently, Witten has proposed a mechanism for symmetry enhancement in
heterotic string theory, where the singularity obtained by shrinking
an instanton to zero size is resolved by the appearance of an gauge
symmetry. In this short letter, we consider spacetime constraints from anomaly
cancellation in six dimensions and D-flatness and demonstrate a subtlety which
arises in the moduli space when many instantons are shrunk to zero size.Comment: 8 pages, harvma
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