The competitiveness of cluster “Srednogorie med”: preconditions and limitations

Rozdział z: Functioning of the Local Production Systems in Central and Eastern European Countries and Siberia. Case Studies and Comparative Studies, ed. Mariusz E. Sokołowicz.In the environment of global competition, the role of clusters in creating national competitive advantage is rapidly increasing. One of the first and successfully developing clusters in Bulgaria, with a contribution to the economic development of the country, is mining cluster “Srednogorie Med.” Established on the regional industrial principle, the cluster, as a type of local production systems, brings together the efforts of the companies for the mining and processing of copper and gold-containing ores, located on the territory of Central Sredna Gora, the companies, serving industrial production and the municipalities on whose territory the companies operate. This paper aims mainly presenting the level of competitiveness of the local “Srednogorie Med” cluster with the usage of M. E. Porter’s diamond model as well as at outlining the preconditions and limitations for the creation of a competitive advantage for the cluster in its future development. The study is based on secondary information (periodicals and the Internet), as well as personal interviews with representatives of the cluster.Monograph financed under a contract of execution of the international scientific project within 7th Framework Programme of the European Union, co-financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (title: “Functioning of the Local Production Systems in the Conditions of Economic Crisis (Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking for the EU and Beyond”)). Monografia sfinansowana w oparciu o umowę o wykonanie projektu między narodowego w ramach 7. Programu Ramowego UE, współfinansowanego ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (tytuł projektu: „Funkcjonowanie lokalnych systemów produkcyjnych w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego (analiza porównawcza i benchmarking w wybranych krajach UE oraz krajach trzecich”))

Trauma from occlusion—types, clinical signs and clinical significance. A review

Traumatic occlusal forces lead to occlusal trauma of teeth with intact or reduced periodontium. Traumatic occlusion can be classified according to the type of traumatic forces (acute and chronic) and according to the capacity of the periodontal tissues (primary and secondary). The main clinical sign of occlusal trauma is the increased tooth mobility due to the destruction of the periodontal fibers and enlargement of the periodontal ligament space. Other signs are also fremitus, tooth drifting, tooth abrasion, occlusal discrepancies, tooth fracture, root resorption. Occlusal trauma is reversible. Тhe tissues of the periodontium are restored when the excessive occlusal forces are eliminated

Tooth form assessment in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla

Introduction: The accurate assessment of tooth form and gingival phenotype in the aesthetic zone of maxilla is of great importance for the correct preoperative planning in dental practice. Determining the tooth form as a key factor helps the clinicians in assessing the aesthetic risk in periodontal, restorative and implant therapy.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of rectangular and triangular tooth form in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla and also to generalize the variations in this prevalence between males and females in the Bulgarian population.Materials and Methods: The tooth form in the aesthetic zone of maxilla is assessed in 223 individuals and determined according to four anatomic criteria: width and position of the interdental contact point, CW/CL ratio, height of interdental papillae, and the scallop of gingival margin. Results: The analysis of the results shows that the rectangular tooth form is more prevalent (70%) compared to the triangular tooth form (30%), and the triangular tooth form is more prevalent in males (32%) than in females (29%).Discussion: With regard to the tooth form in approximately 70% of the cases (prevalence of a square/rectangular tooth form) we can expect to have a lower aesthetic risk in the preoperative planning of implant therapy in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla.Conclusion: More prevalent in the study group is the rectangular/square tooth form (70%) compared to the triangular tooth form (30%) with a ratio of 2.33:1

Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy for decreasing the individual periodontal risk

Introduction: Individual periodontal risk assessment may determine the risk of susceptibility to occurrence of future periodontal disease, as well as the risk of recurrence or progression of the disease in patients already suffering from periodontitis. A functional diagram (including 6 risk vectors – bleeding on probing, residual pockets, teeth loss, bone loss/patient’s age, systemic diseases, environmental factors) for determining the periodontal risk at patient level, can help the clinician in determining the frequency of follow-up visits during the maintenance phase of therapy, as well as in motivating the patient during periodontal therapy.Aim: The aim of this article is to show the efficiency of controlling the modifying risk factors during non-surgical periodontal therapy for the reduction of periodontal risk level at the re-evaluation assessment.Material and Methods: The periodontal risk is assessed in 41 individuals (14 males and 27 females) and determined using the functional diagram proposed by Tonetti & Lang (2003). All assessed individuals are divided into 2 groups according to the gender: males and females. Statistical analysis is done with a descriptive analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics version 19 software. Results: The mean risk polygon surface at the initial assessment is 61.5243 for all individuals, and at the re-evaluation is 33.2573.Conclusion: The adequately performed non-surgical periodontal therapy leads to significant decrease in the periodontal risk level in both sexes.     

Bilaminar technique for treatment of multiple Miller’s class III recession defects in the mandibular frontal area. A case report

Introduction: Gingival recessions at anterior teeth can be an aesthetic problem for the patients who complain of crown lengthening and can be accompanied by lack of attached gingiva and tooth hypersensitivity. Different surgical techniques (pedicle and free soft-tissue grafting) are proposed for treatment of the exposed root surfaces in the aesthetic zone of dentition. The objective of mucogingival periodontal surgery in the treatment of recession type defects is a complete root coverage and fulfilment of the patient’s aesthetic demands. A bilaminar technique is a suitable technique that can be used for root coverage in the treatment of gingival recessions of a single tooth as well as for root coverage in multiple teeth. The literature survey reports that this technique shows good results in the treatment of Miller’s class I, class II and class III gingival recessions with adequate thickness and height of apical keratinized tissues to the exposed root surface and has high predictability for root coverage.Aim: The aim of this case report is to present the satisfactory aesthetic outcome of bilaminar technique for multiple recession defects of Miller’s class III in the frontal segment of the mandibula. Materials and Methods: Miller’s class III gingival recessions, affecting tooth 41 and tooth 31, were established. A bilaminar technique (connective tissue graft and coronally advanced flap) was used for root coverage of established recessions.   Results: The bilaminar technique resulted in complete root coverage and gain of clinical attachment level and keratinized width of gingival tissues.Conclusion: The proposed bilaminar technique presents satisfactory aesthetic outcome in case of thin gingival tissues, interproximal attachment loss, and loss of interdental bone height in the zone between lower central incisors

Etiology of gingival recessions - a literature review

Gingival recession (GR) is a mucogingival defect that can affect all ages. GRs are most commonly diagnosed on the vestibular or proximal root surfaces of the teeth, predominantly in adult patients.GR can be associated with anatomical, physiological or pathological factors - accumulation of dental plaque and dental calculus, traumatic brushing, anatomical developmental defects, mechanical trauma, occlusal trauma, thin periodontal phenotype, orthodontic treatment outcome, iatrogenic factors, previous periodontal treatment, abnormal gingivobuccal ligaments and  frenulum attachments, extraction of neighbouring teeth, as well as smoking and tobacco chewing habits.The etiology of GR can be a result of various factors and, in most of cases, a combination of several different ones

Necrotizing periodontal disease - predisposing factors. A review

Necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis and necrotizing stomatitis), are classified together under the common name necrotizing periodontal disease (NPD). The etiology is associated with bacterial infection (fusobacteria and spirochetes), but NPD is also predisposed by various factors: local (poor oral hygiene, pre-existing plaque-induced gingivitis, local trauma, smoking, alcohol abuse) and systemic factors (emotional stress, fatigue and insomnia, social economic status and altered host response, malnutrition or systemic diseases)

Low-abrasive air-polishing powders—characteristics and application in clinical practice. A review

INTRODUCTION: Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory plaque-induced periodontal diseases, which are associated with the presence of a supra- and subgingival biofilm. Successful removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus from hard and soft surfaces in the oral cavity is essential in the therapy of these diseases. Airflow powders remove biofilms in a minimally invasive manner, supra- and subgingivally, from all types of surfaces in oral cavity.AIM: The aim of this article is to conduct a literature survey on the characteristic features and use of different low-abrasive powders in dental practice.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey is based on a summary of already published articles and researches.CONCLUSION: The use of low-abrasive air-polishing powders requires less time and is associated with better comfort for patients, and they are a good alternative for subgingival removal of bacterial biofilms

Treatment of multiple gingival recessions in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla with coronally advanced flap with a lateral approach and a tunnel technique. A case report

     Introduction: The presence of multiple recessions in the aesthetic zone of the upper jaw are associated with aesthetic dissatisfaction of the patient and hypersensitivity of the exposed root surfaces. Different surgical methods are indicated for the treatment of such clinical cases, allowing simultaneously complete root coverage of the exposed surfaces and maximum aesthetic result – matching the colour and equal borders of the mucogingival line. The triangular coronally advanced flap (CAF) demonstrates good aesthetic results and a high percentage of root coverage.     Aim: The purpose of the presented clinical case is to demonstrate the efficacy of the triangular CAF with lateral approach in the therapy of multiple recessions in a patient with high aesthetic requirements.    Case Presentation: A 35-year-old man with multiple Miller class 1 recessions in the aesthetic zone of maxilla was treated with a triangular CAF procedure with a lateral approach and, additionally, a tunnel technique between the central incisors was applied.      Results: A harmonious gingival margin, complete root coverage, satisfactory aesthetics, and also elimination of hypersensitivity in the cervical area of the treated teeth are shown as a result of this surgical method for therapy of multiple gingival recessions.     Conclusion: The presented case demonstrates good aesthetic results and 100% success using the triangular CAF technique in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions and confirms the good prognosis with this technique