Fugitive emissions in Moravian-Silesian Region

Import 22/07/2015Predložená práca sa zaoberá fugitívnymi emisiami na území priemyselnej aglomerácie Ostravska. Fugitívny prach predstavuje hlavnú časť atmosférických aerosólov, zvýšená pozornosť je mu venovaná kvôli významným dopadom na zmenu klímy, kvalitu ovzdušia a zdravie ľudí a ekosystémov. Hlavná časť práce je venovaná štúdiu vertikálnej distribúcie PM1 vo výške až 500 m n. m., ktorá bola sledovaná vo vybraných lokalitách Ostravy v jarnom a letnom období 2014, za použitia metódy merania balónom. Pozornosť bola venovaná závislosti koncentrácie PM1 na výške a meteorologických podmienkach. Ďalej bolo zisťované rozloženie organických látok vo vertikálnych profiloch atmosféry v najzaťaženejších miestach Ostravy použitím metódy Py-GC/MS a pomocou matematických metód boli identifikované príspevky zdrojov znečistenia.This thesis deals with the topic of fugitive emissions in the industrial agglomeration of Ostrava region. Fugitive dust is a major part of atmospheric aerosols, increased attention is given to it due to its significant impact on climate change, air quality and human health, and ecosystems. The main part is focused on the study of the vertical distribution of PM1 of up to 500 m a. s. l. which was monitored at selected locations during spring and summer seasons of 2014 using the balloon measuring method. Attention was given to influence of meteorological parameters on PM1 concentrations. Furthermore, distribution of organic matter in the vertical profiles of the atmosphere in the most exposed places was studied using the Py-GC/MS and, using the mathematical methods, contributions of the sources of pollution were identified.Prezenční546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstvívýborn

Both total tau and phosphorylated tau increase in activated microglia.

<p>Microglia in the brain slices were co-immunostained with Iba1 (green) and Tau46 (an antibody recognizing total tau) or AT8 (an antibody recognizing phosphorylated tau at Ser202/Thr205) (red). In contrast with the ramified microglia (arrow heads), ameboid microglia (arrows) showed increased total tau (A, C) and the phosphorylated tau (E, G) (Scale bar = 20 µm). The relative levels of integrated optical density (IOD) of Tau46/AT8 in microglia with different grades of fractal dimension value were shown in B, D, F, H. Data were presented as means ± S.D.. ** <i>p</i><0.01 versus microglia with fractal dimension value <1.1.</p

Expression of tau40 induces increased Iba1.

<p>In cultured rat microglia, the plasmid of human tau40 (441 amino acids) or vector was transfected for 24 h. Then the levels of total tau probed by R134d and Iba1, a marker of microglial activation, were measured by Western blotting (A) and quantitative analysis (B) respectively. The alteration of Iba1 was normalized against DM1A. The experiments were repeated at least three times and data were presented as means ± S.D.. * <i>p</i><0.05 versus vector-transfected cells.</p

Activation of microglia in the brains of rats and mice with aging.

<p>Microglia in the cortex of 4- and 14-month-old SD rats (A), 3- and 12-month-old C57BL/6 mice (D) were immunostained by Iba1, a marker of microglia (Scale bar = 100 µm). The fractal dimension value analysis was used to evaluate the activation of microglia in the brains of different group of animals. Lower fractal dimension value indicates higher activity of microglia. We divided the fractal dimension value of the microglia into four grades (>1.3, 1.2–1.3, 1.1–1.2, <1.1), and the percentages of microglia with different grades were shown in B and E, the differences of the same grade between the different age of animals were shown in C and F (n>43 cells/group). Data were presented as means ± S.D.. * <i>p</i><0.05, ** <i>p</i><0.01 versus 4-month-old SD rats/3-month-old C57BL/6 mice.</p

Expression of tau40 promotes migration of microglia.

<p>In cultured rat microglia, the plasmid of human tau40-EGFP or vector-EGFP was transfected for 24 h. Then <i>in vitro</i> scratch assay was performed and the images of migration were captured at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after scratching with confocal microscope (A) (Scale bar = 100 µm). The migration rate of microglia was quantified by the distance that the EGFP positive cells moved from the edge of the scratch towards the center per hour. The average migration rates of the EGFP positive microglia in 0–6 h, 6–12 h and 12–24 h were calculated from three independent experiments (B). Data were presented as means ± S.D.. * <i>p</i><0.05, ** <i>p</i><0.01 versus vector-transfected cells.</p

Expression of tau40 induces membranous accumulation of phosphorylated tau, simultaneously with inhibition of PP2A and activation of ERK and GSK-3β.

<p>In cultured rat microglial cells, the plasmid of human tau40-EGFP (T) or vector-EGFP (V) was transfected. 24 h later, triple immunofluorescence imaging was performed. The nucleus was stained with Hoechst (blue) and the phosphorylated tau was probed by pS396 (an antibody recognizing phosphorylated tau at Ser396) (red). Then cells were observed by confocal microscope (A) (Scale bar = 20 µm). The membranous (m) and cytoplasma (p) fractions were isolated as described in the method and the level of pS396 in the two fractions was analyzed by Western blotting (B) and quantitative analysis (C). The levels of PP2Ac, p-PP2Ac (Y307), ERK, p-ERK, GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β (S9) were probed and measured by Western blotting (D) and quantitative analysis (E). The data were representative of three independent experiments and were presented as means ± S.D.. * <i>p</i><0.05 versus vector-transfected cells.</p

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Downregulating ANP32A rescues synapse and memory loss via chromatin remodeling in Alzheimer model

Downregulating ANP32A ameliorates tau phosphorylation in htau mice. (DOC 245 kb