Collective negative shocks and preferences for redistribution: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis in Germany

Using new data from a three-wave panel survey administered in Germany between May 2020 and May 2021, this paper studies the impact of a negative shock affecting all strata of the population, such as the development of COVID-19, on preferences for redistribution. Exploiting the plausibly exogenous change in the severity of the infection rate at the county level, we show that, contrary to some theoretical expectations, the worse the crisis, the less our respondents expressed support for redistribution. We provide further evidence that this is not driven by a decrease in inequality aversion but might be driven by the individuals’ level of trust

Política turística, un instrumento de gestión y formalidad a la actividad turística por parte de los establecimientos de hospedaje en el distrito de Machupicchu

El presente trabajo de investigación denominado “Política Turística, un instrumento de gestión y formalidad de la actividad turística por parte de los establecimientos de hospedaje en el distrito de Machupicchu” pretende abordar y analizar fundamentalmente la informalidad que se viene desarrollando por parte de los prestadores de servicio de hospedaje; todo ello a consecuencia de la no implementación de políticas turísticas y la deficiente gestión pública a por parte de nuestro gobierno Nacional, Regional y Local. Nuestras normas nacionales en la actualidad no se equiparán a la realidad turística que tenemos hoy en día, todo ello debido a que en estos últimos años nuestro gobierno no tuvo interés en el sector turismo y este ha crecido de manera insostenible y no hubo un gobierno de turno que se encargue de políticas turísticas, para un desarrollo turístico sostenible eficiente. Este problema se hace real en el distrito de Machupicchu, primer destino turístico de nuestro país; muchas empresas hoteleras vienen operando al margen de la ley y no poniéndose a derecho lo que conlleva al incumplimiento de diferentes obligaciones como aspectos de autorizaciones, laborales, tributarios, etc. Esto ha generado mucha preocupación en los actores del turismo, ya que, si no le damos la debida importancia a esta actividad, en unos años se saldrá de control y perderemos nuestros recursos turísticos o se volverá un negativo posicionamiento turístico. Este trabajo de investigación es de tipo básica y evaluativa, de igual modo es de un enfoque cualitativo; utilizando instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información como la observación y el análisis de textos.The present research work called "Tourism Policy, an instrument of management and formality of the tourist activity by the lodging establishments in the district of Machupicchu" intends to fundamentally address and analyze the informality that is being developed by the providers of hosting service; all this as a consequence of the non-implementation of tourist policies and the deficient public management by our National, Regional and Local government. Our national norms at present will not be equated to the tourist reality that we have today, all this because in recent years our government had no interest in the tourism sector and it has grown unsustainably and there was no government of turn that is in charge of tourism policies, for an efficient sustainable tourism development. This problem becomes real in the Machupicchu district, the first tourist destination in our country; Many hotel companies have been operating outside the law and not putting themselves up to the law, which leads to non-compliance with different obligations such as authorization, labor, tax, etc. This has generated a lot of concern among tourism stakeholders, since if we do not give due importance to this activity, in a few years it will get out of control and we will lose our tourist resources or it will become a negative tourist position. The present research work is of a basic and evaluative type, in the same way it is of a qualitative approach; using data collection instruments and techniques such as observation and text analysisReforma del Estad

Adaptación de la escala de valoración del estado de ánimo (EVEA) en adultos de Lima Metropolitana, 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de valoración del estado de ánimo (EVEA) en adultos mayores de Lima Metropolitana, 2021. Esta investigación fue de tipo aplicada, el diseño de investigación es no experimental, se trabajó con una muestra de 1009 participantes, cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 18 y 55 años. Los resultados obtenidos brindaron evidencias psicométricas de la escala; se realizó la validez de contenido obteniendo un puntaje ≥. 80; de igual manera se realizó la validez de constructo por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio, brindado valores que evidencian adecuados índices de ajuste Chi cuadrado/grados de libertad x²- gl = 4.06, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .017, CFI = .94 y TLI = .93. De la misma manera, el análisis de confiabilidad realizado por medio de los coeficientes Alfa y omega otorgaron valores de .62 y .72 respectivamente, siendo dichos resultados favorables. Finalmente, se realizó la puntuación por medio de los percentiles y baremos brindados por la prueba de normalidad. Se pudo concluir que la EVEA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, obteniendo un instrumento válido y confiable para su aplicación dentro de la población previamente establecida

DISEÑO DE LIBRERÍA CON ENFOQUE DIDÁCTICO PARA CONTROL DE ROBOTS MANIPULADORES EN SISTEMAS EMBEBIDOS (LIBRARY DESIGN WITH DIDACTIC APPROACH FOR CONTROL OF ROBOT MANIPULATORS IN EMBEDDED SYSTEMS)

ResumenEn el presente artículo se muestra una herramienta computacional para el control de posición y/o orientación de un robot manipulador de n-grados de libertad. La herramienta cuenta con las funciones necesarias para calcular la cinemática directa del robot mediante matrices de transformación homogénea de rotación y traslación, la matriz Jacobiana de velocidades lineales y/o angulares, y el control de posición y/o orientación mediante un esquema de control PID. Se muestran resultados del uso de la librería en un experimento de control de posición de un robot de 3 grados de libertad de revoluta (RRR), donde la posición del efector final converge en la referencia en tiempo finito.Palabras Clave: Didáctico Librería, Manipulador, Robot, Sistema embebido. AbstractIn the present paper, a computational tool for position/orientation control of a n-degrees of freedom manipulator robot is shown. The tool contains the necessary functions in order to calculate the robot’s forward kinematics by means of the rotation/translation homogeneous transformation matrices, the linear/angular velocities Jacobian matrices, and the position/orientation control by means of a PID scheme. The results using the library in a 3 rotational degrees of freedom robot manipulator set-point control is shown, where the final effector’s pose converges at the reference in finite time.Keywords: Didactic, Embedded system, Library, Manipulator, Robot

Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy with IR Biotyper® System for Legionella pneumophila serogroups identification

Legionella spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit freshwater environments representing a serious risk for human health. Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is the species most frequently responsible for a severe pneumonia, known as Legionnaires’ disease. Lp consists of 15 serogroups (Sgs), usually identified by monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Concerning Lp serogrouping, it is well known that phenotyping methods do not have a sufficiently high discriminating power, while genotypic methods although very effective, are expensive and laborious. Recently, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy have proved to be rapid and successful approach for the microbial identification and typing. Different biomolecules (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) adsorb infrared radiation originating a specific microbial fingerprint. The development of a classification system based on the intra-species identification features allows a rapid and reliable typing of strains for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. The aim of the study was the evaluation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy using the IR Biotyper® system (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) for the identification of Lp at serogroup (Sg) level for diagnostic purposes as well as in outbreak events. A large dataset of Lp isolates (n=133) and ATCC reference strains representing the 15 Lp serogroups were included. The discriminatory power of instrument’s classifier, by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was tested. All isolates were classified as follow: 12/133 (9.0 %) Lp Sg1 and 115/133 (86.5%) as Lp Sg 2-15 (including both ATCC and environmental Lp serogroup). Moreover, a mis-classification for 2/133 (1.5%) isolates of Lp Sg 2-15 returned as Lp Sg1 was observed and 4/133 (3.0%) isolates were not classified. The accuracy of 95.49% and an error rate of 4.51% were calculated. IR Biotyper® is able provide a quick and cost-effective reliable Lp classification with advantages compared to agglutination tests that show ambiguous and unspecific results. Further studies including a larger number of isolates could be useful to implement the classifier obtaining a robust and reliable tool for the routine Lp serogrouping. IR Biotyper® could be a powerful and easy-to-use tool to identify Lp Sgs especially during cluster/outbreak investigations, to trace the source of the infection and promptly adopt preventive and control strategies

Aprendizaje por reforzamiento para sistemas multiagentes utilizando Aproximación No Paramétrica

This paper presents a hybrid control proposal for multi-agent systems, where the advantages of the reinforcement learning and nonparametric functions are exploited. A modified version of the Q-learning algorithm is used which will provide data training for a Kernel, this approach will provide a sub optimal set of actions to be used by the agents. The proposed algorithm is experimentally tested in a path generation task in an unknown environment for mobile robots.En este artículo se presenta una propuesta hibrida de algoritmo de control para sistemas multiagentes, en donde se aprovechan las ventajas del aprendizaje por reforzamiento y de las funciones de aproximación no paramétricas. Se utiliza una versión modificada del algoritmo Q-learning la cual proveerá de datos de entrenamiento para un Kernel, el cual ofrecerá una aproximación sub optima de acciones a realizar por los agentes. El algoritmo propuesto es probado experimentalmente en una tarea de generación de trayectoria en un entorno desconocido para robot móviles

Short Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Results from the CAPO International Cohort Study

Introduction: Experts suggest a short duration of antibiotic therapy (DOT) in responding patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after hospital discharge among patients treated with short-course antibiotic therapy (SCT) vs. long-course antibiotic therapy (LCT) for CAP. Methods: A secondary analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) database from January 2007 to June 2013 was performed, including hospitalized CAP patients who reached clinical stability within 5 days. Two groups were identified: patients who were treated with antibiotic therapy for a total duration of 5 days or less (SCT Group) vs. longer than 5 days (LCT Group). Rehospitalization and mortality were evaluated at 30 days after discharge. Results: 1,849 patients were enrolled (58% males; median age: 65 years), 179 (10%) were included in the SCT and 1,670 (90%) in the LTC group. Median DOT was 5 days in the SCT and 10 days in the LTC group, p Conclusions: A duration of antibiotic therapy of ≤ 5 days does not adversely impact clinical outcomes at 30-days after discharge compared to \u3e5 days in patients who reached early clinical stability

I.S.Mu.L.T. Achilles Tendon Ruptures Guidelines

This work provides easily accessible guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of Achilles tendon ruptures. These guidelines could be considered as recommendations for good clinical practice developed through a process of systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, to improve the quality of care for the individual patient and rationalize the use of resources. This work is divided into two sessions: 1) questions about hot topics; 2) answers to the questions following Evidence Based Medicine principles. Despite the frequency of the pathology andthe high level of satisfaction achieved in treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures, a global consensus is lacking. In fact, there is not a uniform treatment and rehabilitation protocol used for Achilles tendon ruptures