El hidrógeno como vector energético: Mucho hecho pero casi todo por hacer

Los autores desarrollan, muy brevemente, los aspectos esenciales de lo que globalmente se denomina “Sistema Energético Solar-Hidrógeno” o a veces “Economía del hidrógeno”. El hidrógeno, obtenido por descomposición del agua mediante energías primarias renovables (solar, eólica…) se convierte en transportador de energía (vector energético) y en combustible limpio. Se discute la conveniencia del uso del hidrógeno en el contexto energético actual, así como los tres pilares fundamentales del uso del hidrógeno como vector energético: su producción usando fuentes renovables, su acumulación mediante diferentes métodos y, finalmente, su combustió

Squeezing spectra from s-ordered quasiprobability distributions. Application to dispersive optical bistability

It is well known that the squeezing spectrum of the field exiting a nonlinear cavity can be directly obtained from the fluctuation spectrum of normally ordered products of creation and annihilation operators of the cavity mode. In this article we show that the output field squeezing spectrum can be derived also by combining the fluctuation spectra of any pair of s-ordered products of creation and annihilation operators. The interesting result is that the spectrum obtained in this way from the linearized Langevin equations is exact, and this occurs in spite of the fact that no s-ordered quasiprobability distribution verifies a true Fokker-Planck equation, i.e., the Langevin equations used for deriving the squeezing spectrum are not exact. The (linearized) intracavity squeezing obtained from any s-ordered distribution is also exact. These results are exemplified in the problem of dispersive optical bistability.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, to be published in Journal of Modern Optic

Titanium trisulfide (TiS3): a 2D semiconductor with quasi-1D optical and electronic properties

We present characterizations of few-layer titanium trisulfide (TiS3) flakes which, due to their reduced in-plane structural symmetry, display strong anisotropy in their electrical and optical properties. Exfoliated few-layer flakes show marked anisotropy of their in-plane mobilities reaching ratios as high as 7.6 at low temperatures. Based on the preferential growth axis of TiS3 nanoribbons, we develop a simple method to identify the in-plane crystalline axes of exfoliated few-layer flakes through angle resolved polarization Raman spectroscopy. Optical transmission measurements show that TiS3 flakes display strong linear dichroism with a magnitude (transmission ratios up to 30) much greater than that observed for other anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials. Finally, we calculate the absorption and transmittance spectra of TiS3 in the random-phase-approximation (RPA) and find that the calculations are in good agreement with the observed experimental optical transmittance.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, including Supporting Information (6 pages, 6 figures

Satélite de altar resolución espacial en la determinación de la fracción de cabida cubierta en sistemas adehesados

La dehesa es un ecosistema de creación humana a partir del bosque de encinas primitivas en el que se han aclarando los árboles y controlado el estrato arbustivo para que se estabilice el pastizal. Su densidad arbórea es muy variable y depende del tratamiento recibido a lo largo de los años. La obtención de la densidad de cobertura arbórea de dicho sistema se calcula mediante la Fracción de Cabida Cubierta (FCC), medida que relaciona la superficie cubierta por la copa del árbol respecto del resto de superficie. En comparación a las imágenes utilizadas actualmente para la obtención de la FCC como ortofotografías o vuelos fotogramétricos, las imágenes satélite de alta resolución espacial ofrecen suficiente detalle espacial para poder aislar la copa de los árboles del entorno, unido a la multiespectralidad de los datos que permite su correcta caracterización espectral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una metodología con imágenes pan-sharpened QuickBird que, a partir del análisis espectral de los árboles, generó imágenes en formato binario árbol-no árbol mediante técnicas de combinación de bandas para la obtención de la FCC. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios al obtener fiabilidades mayores del 90% en la determinación de las copas de los árboles en la mayoría de los análisis realizados.The dehesa is an ecosystem developed from primitive oak forest where trees have been clarified and the shrub layer controlled to stabilize the pasture. The tree density is very variable and depends on the treatment received over the years. This density can be calculated by the Canopy Cover Fraction (CCF), a measure that relates the area covered by the trees over the other surface. Satellite imagery of high spatial resolution provide enough spatial detail to isolate the treetops from the environment, and enough multispectral data to allow the correct spectral characterization. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology with QuickBird pan-sharpened imagery for obtaining the CCF based on a spectral analysis of trees and a binary reclassification (tree- no tree) of each band. The results were satisfactory with accuracies greater than 90% in the discrimination of trees in most of the analysis

Quadrature and polarization squeezing in a dispersive optical bistability model

We theoretically study quadrature and polarization squeezing in dispersive optical bistability through a vectorial Kerr cavity model describing a nonlinear cavity filled with an isotropic chi(3) medium in which self-phase and cross-phase modulation, as well as four--wave mixing, occur. We derive expressions for the quantum fluctuations of the output field quadratures as a function of which we express the spectrum of fluctuations of the output field Stokes parameters. We pay particular attention to study how the bifurcations affecting the non-null linearly polarized output mode squeezes the orthogonally polarized vacuum mode, and show how this produces polarization squeezing.Comment: 10 text pages + 12 figure

A genetic modifier screen identifies chromosomal intervals harboring potential midline interacting genes

This work investigates the growth of B-C-N layers by chemical vapor deposition using methylamine borane (MeAB) as single-source precursor. MeAB has been synthesized and characterized, paying particular attention to the analysis of its thermolysis products, which are the gaseous precursors for B-C-N growth. Samples have been grown on Cu foils and transferred onto different substrates for their morphological, structural, chemical, electronic and optical characterizations. The results of these characterizations indicate a segregation of h-BN and Graphene-like (Gr) domains. However, there is an important presence of B and N interactions with C at the Gr borders, and of C interacting at the h-BN-edges, respectively, in the obtained nano-layers. In particular, there is significant presence of C-N bonds, at Gr/h-BN borders and in the form of N doping of Gr domains. The overall B:C:N contents in the layers is close to 1:3:1.5. A careful analysis of the optical bandgap determination of the obtained B-C-N layers is presented, discussed and compared with previous seminal works with samples of similar composition.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figure