Analysis of the Ideal Model for a Single Component in Preparative Gradient Elution Chromatography

The analytical solutions of the ideal model of chromatography for a single component were studied by using the method of characteristics for solving partial differential equations. By assuming that the mobile-phase gradient entering the column is not affected by any sorption of mobile-phase solvents on the column, we demonstrated that the stationary-phase concentration of the component is kept constant along the characteristic curve irrespective of the isotherm and gradient profile used. By using this property and assuming a Langmiur isotherm, we also calculated the band profiles for single linear, stepwise, and ladderlike gradients, respectively. These band profiles were compared with those computed by using the finite-difference method. The results were found to be in good agreement

Analysis of the Ideal Model for a Single Component in Preparative Gradient Elution Chromatography

The analytical solutions of the ideal model of chromatography for a single component were studied by using the method of characteristics for solving partial differential equations. By assuming that the mobile-phase gradient entering the column is not affected by any sorption of mobile-phase solvents on the column, we demonstrated that the stationary-phase concentration of the component is kept constant along the characteristic curve irrespective of the isotherm and gradient profile used. By using this property and assuming a Langmiur isotherm, we also calculated the band profiles for single linear, stepwise, and ladderlike gradients, respectively. These band profiles were compared with those computed by using the finite-difference method. The results were found to be in good agreement

Representative photographs of YKL-40 immunohistochemical staining for positive cell and intensity scoring.

<p>A) Noninvasive ductal carcinoma staining at positive score 1 and intensity score 2, B) Noninvasive ductal carcinoma staining at positive score 3 and intensity score 2. C) Invasive ductal carcinoma staining positive score 2 and intensity score 2. D) Invasive ductal carcinoma staining positive score 3 and intensity score 2. All photos had x100 magnification.</p

Kaplan-Meier curve comparing disease free survival of patients with positive YKL-40 intratumoral staining versus those with negative YKL-40 intratumoral staining.

<p>Log-rank test determined that the disease-free survival in YKL-40 positive tumor group was 36 months (95%CI.: 28.95 to 43.05 months)), which was significantly shorter than those in the YKL-40 negative tumor group (49 months (95%CI: 38.23 to 59.77 months) (P = 0.001).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival curves of breast cancer patients with positive YKL-40 intratumoral staining versus those with negative YKL-40 intratumoral staining.

<p>The Log-rank test showed that the survival times were significantly shorter in patients with positive YKL-40 intratumoral staining (55.13 months.95%CI.: 49.69 to 60.58 months) than those with negative YKL-40 intratumoral staining (65.78 months, 95%CI: 60.17 to 71.40 months) (P = 0.014).</p

Association of patients’ characteristics with rate of positive YKL-40 intratumoral staining and YKL-40 serum levels.

<p>YKL-40 intratumoral staining of each breast cancer patient were compiled as n (%) and differences in YKL-40 intratumoral staining between specific patients’ characteristics were compared using Pearson Chi-square test.</p><p>YKL-40 serum concentrations for each characteristic were presented as mean±SD. Differences in serum YKL-40 levels between specific patients’ characteristics were compared by using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni comparison or two-sample t-test.</p>*<p>P<0.05, indicated a significance.</p>a,b<p>P<0.0167 (0.05/3), indicated a significant difference compared with the ^afirst category and ^bsecond category of the specific variable.</p

Individual concentrations of serum YKL-40 in the controls (n = 30), and breast cancer patients who were YKL-40 negative (n = 30) or YKL-40 positive by IHC (n = 90).

<p>Bold lines indicate the mean of each subgroup. (control: 36.8±12.9 µg/l; YKL-40 negative staining: 56.7±26.9 µg/l; YKL-40 positive staining: 77.6±26.3 µg/l). P-value was derived from one-way ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni comparison for comparing the difference in YKL-40 concentration among groups.</p

ROC curve of the serum YKL-40 levels of 120 breast cancer patients and 30 controls.

<p>The estimated area under the ROC curve was observed as AUC = 0.877 with 95%CI. = 0.823 to 0.931 (P-value<.001) The best cut-off of serum YKL-40 level was observed as “60” based on the maximization of Yuden index. The predictive diagnosis of breast cancer according the cut-off of serum level = 60 was 65.8% in sensitivity, 96.7% in specificity, 98.8% in PPV, and 41.4% in NPV.</p

Univariate and multivariate cox-regression model for overall survival time analysis.

<p>Results were presents as estimated Hazard Ratio with 95% confidence interval (HR (95%CI.)) for specific variables.</p><p>Variables with a significant P-value (<0.05) in univariate cox-regression model were selected and analyzed by using multivariate cox-regression model.</p><p>NA, not assessed.</p>*<p>P<0.05, indicated a significant association.</p

Bufalin suppresses sorafenib-induced Akt activation to reverse resistance to sorafenib in HCC cells.

<p>A-B, Huh7 cells were exposed to different concentrations of bufalin (A) or to 100 nM bufalin and/or 5 μM sorafenib (B) for 48 h. Untreated cells served as controls. Cell lysates were immunoblotted, and the density of each band was measured. Band densities were normalized to β-actin. The relative band density from untreated cells was defined as 1. (C) The Huh7 cells from (B) were immunostained with anti-p-Akt Ab (red) and DAPI (cellular nuclei, blue) and viewed with an inverted fluorescence microscope. The data represent three independent experiments. “*” (P<0.05) and “**” (P<0.001) vs. untreated control; “‡” (P<0.001) vs. sorafenib alone.</p