Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luasnya tingkat pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial Perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility) dengan menguji pengaruh ukuran Perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan insti­tusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran dewan direksi, dan ukuran komite audit. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Perusahaan sektor pertambangan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 2010-2012. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan auditan dan laporan tahunan serta laporan keberlanjutan (sustainability report) jika ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran Perusahaan dan komite audit memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peng­ungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Tidak ditemukan bukti pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, dan ukuran dewan direksi terhadap terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial

Dynamics of Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Blebbistatin as a One-Photon Blue or Two-Photon Near-Infrared Light-Gated Hydroxyl Radical Photocage

Development of versatile, chemically tunable photocages for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) represents an excellent opportunity to address the technical drawbacks of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) whose oxygen-dependent nature renders it inadequate in certain therapy contexts such as hypoxic tumors. As an alternative to PDT, oxygen free mechanisms to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by visible light cleavable photocages are in demand. Here, we report the detailed mechanisms by which the small molecule blebbistatin acts as a one-photon blue light-gated or two-photon near-infrared light-gated photocage to directly release a hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the absence of oxygen. By using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and chemoselective ROS fluorescent probes, we analyze the dynamics and fate of blebbistatin during photolysis under blue light. Water-dependent photochemistry reveals a critical process of water-assisted protonation and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) that drives the formation of short-lived intermediates, which surprisingly culminates in the release of •OH but not superoxide or singlet oxygen from blebbistatin. CASPT2//CASSCF calculations confirm that hydrogen bonding between water and blebbistatin underpins this process. We further determine that blue light enables blebbistatin to induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, an attribute conducive to PACT development. Our work demonstrates blebbistatin as a controllable photocage for •OH generation and provides insight into the potential development of novel PACT agents

The Last April

<p>Parameter settings of virtual datasets.</p

Light spot movement track 3.avi

Visualization 3 can understand the fit of the second group of spot trajectories reconstructed by different algorithm

temperature reconstruction for the border area between northern and southern China

temperature reconstruction for the border area between northern and southern Chin

Data for: Precipitation variations recorded in tree rings from the upper Salween and Brahmaputra River valleys, China

Here we reconstruct precipitation variations from prior September to current June (r2 = 43%, 1600-2016 CE) in the upper Salween River valley and from prior July to current April (r2 = 44%, 1650-2016 CE) in the upper Brahmaputra River valley based on tree ring width records collected from the Salween and Brahmaputra River basins

Light spot movement track 2.avi

Visualization 2 can understand the fit of the second group of spot trajectories reconstructed by different algorithm

Video 1.mp4

The process of a 10 μL oil droplet sliding off on the laser-treated MLA surface with a tilting angle of around 2

Light spot movement track 1.avi

Visualization 1 can understand the fit of the second group of spot trajectories reconstructed by different algorithm

Requirements decision making through architecturally significant requirements

Software requirements are of significant importance to project success, yet the software industry still exhibits inadequate requirements practice. The intertwining between requirements and architecture has been recognized for more than three decades, yet most requirements research is still performed in isolation from considering the architectural perspective. With software systems becoming more complex and integrated, however, the contemporary RE environment has been changing. As a result, the intertwining between requirements and architecture is accelerated with growing criticality and popularity; architecture is becoming central in driving requirements; and Architecturally Significant Requirements (ASRs) is proposed to manage contemporary requirements process.  In this context, this thesis project therefore was started with the idea to improve requirements and architecture decision making through co-developing them, leveraging the concept of ASRs and discarding the differentiation of functional or non-functional requirements. When the project was started, however, two more fundamental problems emerged which were not initially foreseen. Firstly, there is insufficient understanding of requirements decision making context in practice, especially about what and how different factors (e.g. stakeholders) influence the decision making. Secondly, the notion of ASRs is far from mature, lacking of comprehensive knowledge upon how to define and identify them. Facing this situation, this thesis was then opted to investigate these problems. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the decision making context, this thesis reports on an in-depth, in-vivo participant observation study. It explores the requirements decision making process in an enterprise software development environment. A comprehensive portrayal of architects‟ influence on requirements decision making is derived. Also derived from the study is a stakeholder contribution pattern in requirements decision making. More importantly, a conceptual model is constructed, projecting how requirements decisions are made. To investigate how to identify ASRs, a grounded theory study was conducted, comprising two phases: first, observing seven architectural review board meetings and analysing 22 ARB presentation files; second, exercise-based interviews with 5 architects respectively.Grounded in the data, a framework for identifying ASRs is constructed, consisting of five dimensions. Underlying the two problems introduced above rests an incentive question concerning the identification of requirements issues and challenges facing practitioners. The purpose of answering this question is to more sharply pinpoint directions for improving requirements decision making and also to provide empirical evidence that justifies the appropriateness of using ASRs for that improvement. In this regard, this research offers a collection of empirical evidence that describes requirements challenges, issues and opportunities as experienced by practitioners, derived mainly from a survey study. The resultant findings were validated through expert interviews. Based on these results, a set of recommendations for practice is derived for improving requirements decision making through the employment of ASRs, in the context of enterprise software development. </p