Effects of a Catalytic Volatile Particle Remover (VPR) on the Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine

Emissions of fine particles have been shown to have a large impact on the atmospheric environment and human health. Researchers have shown that gasoline engines, especially direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, tend to emit large amounts of small size particles compared to diesel engines fitted with diesel particulate filters (DPFs). As a result, the particle number emissions of DISI engines will be restricted by the forthcoming EU6 legislation. The particulate emission level of DISI engines means that they could face some challenges in meeting the EU6 requirement. This paper is an experimental study on the size-resolved particle number emissions from a spray guided DISI engine and the performance of a catalytic volatile particle remover (VPR), as the EU legislation seeks to exclude volatile particles. The performance of the catalytic VPR was evaluated by varying its temperature and the exhaust residence time. The effect of the catalytic VPR acting as an oxidation catalyst on particle emissions was also tested. The results show that the catalytic VPR led to a marked reduction in the number of particles, especially the smaller size (nucleation mode) particles. The catalytic VPR is essentially an oxidation catalyst, and when post three-way catalyst (TWC) exhaust was introduced to the catalytic VPR, the performance of the catalytic VPR was not affected much by the use of additional air, i.e., no significant oxidation of the PM was observed

sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_10781552221127698 - Supplemental material for Comparison of permeabilities of eight different types of cytotoxic drugs to five gloves with different materials by LC-MS/MS methods to reduce occupational exposure of medical personnel

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_10781552221127698 for Comparison of permeabilities of eight different types of cytotoxic drugs to five gloves with different materials by LC-MS/MS methods to reduce occupational exposure of medical personnel by Hailong Zhou, Yunyun Li and Fan Xu in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice</p

Supplementary Material-0315

The additional documents in the supplementary material include scanning electron microscope pictures and previously reported carrier concentration of MASnI3 films.</p

Tunable Tail Swing of Nanomillipedes

The physical properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are closely related to their morphology; meanwhile GNRs can easily slide on surfaces (e.g., superlubricity), which may largely affect the configuration and hence the properties. However, the morphological evolution of GNRs during sliding remain elusive. We explore the intriguing tail swing behavior of GNRs under various sliding configurations on Au substrate. Two distinct modes of tail swing emerge, characterized by regular and irregular swings, depending on the GNR width and initial position relative to the substrate. The mechanism can be explained by the moiré effect, presenting both symmetric and asymmetric patterns, resembling a mesmerizing nanomillipede. We reveal a compelling correlation between the tail swing mode and the edge wrinkle patterns of GNRs induced by the moiré effect. These findings provide fundamental understanding of how edge effects influence the tribomorphological responses of GNRs, offering valuable insights for precise manipulation and operation of GNRs

Image_5_A longitudinal study of the brain structure network changes in HIV patients with ANI: combined VBM with SCN.JPEG

BackgroundDespite the widespread adoption of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in managing HIV, the virus’s impact on the brain structure of patients remains significant. This study aims to longitudinally explore the persistent effects of HIV on brain structure, focusing on changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and structural covariance network (SCN) among patients at the Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI) stage.MethodsThis research involved 45 HIV patients diagnosed with ANI and 45 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The participants were observed over a 1.5-year period. Differences in GMV between groups were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), while the graph theory model facilitated the establishment of topological metrics for assessing network indices. These differences were evaluated using two-sample t-tests and paired-sample t-tests, applying the network-based statistics method. Additionally, the study examined correlations between GMV and cognitive performance, as well as clinical variables.ResultsCompared with HCs, HIV patients demonstrated reduced GMV in the right middle temporal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus (FWE, p 1), and area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed no significant statistical differences between groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that despite the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV continues to exert slow and sustained damage on brain structures. However, when compared to HCs, the small-world properties of the patients’ SCNs did not significantly differ, and the clustering coefficient, indicative of the overall information-processing capacity of the brain network, was slightly elevated in HIV patients. This elevation may relate to compensatory effects of brain area functions, the impact of cART, functional reorganization, or inflammatory responses.</p

Addition of Amines to Nitriles Catalyzed by Ytterbium Amides: An Efficient One-Step Synthesis of Monosubstituted <i>N</i>-Arylamidines

A one-step synthesis of monosubstituted N-arylamidinates via addition of amines to nitriles catalyzed by ytterbium amides is reported. The reactions with various substrates give the products in good to excellent yields with 5 mol % ytterbium at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions

Image_4_A longitudinal study of the brain structure network changes in HIV patients with ANI: combined VBM with SCN.JPEG

BackgroundDespite the widespread adoption of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in managing HIV, the virus’s impact on the brain structure of patients remains significant. This study aims to longitudinally explore the persistent effects of HIV on brain structure, focusing on changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and structural covariance network (SCN) among patients at the Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI) stage.MethodsThis research involved 45 HIV patients diagnosed with ANI and 45 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The participants were observed over a 1.5-year period. Differences in GMV between groups were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), while the graph theory model facilitated the establishment of topological metrics for assessing network indices. These differences were evaluated using two-sample t-tests and paired-sample t-tests, applying the network-based statistics method. Additionally, the study examined correlations between GMV and cognitive performance, as well as clinical variables.ResultsCompared with HCs, HIV patients demonstrated reduced GMV in the right middle temporal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus (FWE, p 1), and area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed no significant statistical differences between groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that despite the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV continues to exert slow and sustained damage on brain structures. However, when compared to HCs, the small-world properties of the patients’ SCNs did not significantly differ, and the clustering coefficient, indicative of the overall information-processing capacity of the brain network, was slightly elevated in HIV patients. This elevation may relate to compensatory effects of brain area functions, the impact of cART, functional reorganization, or inflammatory responses.</p

Cationic Pd(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclization of Aroylmethyl 2-Alkynoates Initiated by Carbopalladation of Alkynes with Arylboronic Acids

A cationic palladium(II)-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular addition of vinylpalladium species to ketones initiated by the carbopalladation of alkynoates under mild conditions without a Pd(II)/Pd(0) redox system was developed with high yield and enantioselectivity. This cascade reaction provides an efficient method for the construction of optically active hydroxylactones

Image_7_A longitudinal study of the brain structure network changes in HIV patients with ANI: combined VBM with SCN.JPEG

BackgroundDespite the widespread adoption of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in managing HIV, the virus’s impact on the brain structure of patients remains significant. This study aims to longitudinally explore the persistent effects of HIV on brain structure, focusing on changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and structural covariance network (SCN) among patients at the Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI) stage.MethodsThis research involved 45 HIV patients diagnosed with ANI and 45 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs). The participants were observed over a 1.5-year period. Differences in GMV between groups were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), while the graph theory model facilitated the establishment of topological metrics for assessing network indices. These differences were evaluated using two-sample t-tests and paired-sample t-tests, applying the network-based statistics method. Additionally, the study examined correlations between GMV and cognitive performance, as well as clinical variables.ResultsCompared with HCs, HIV patients demonstrated reduced GMV in the right middle temporal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus (FWE, p 1), and area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed no significant statistical differences between groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that despite the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV continues to exert slow and sustained damage on brain structures. However, when compared to HCs, the small-world properties of the patients’ SCNs did not significantly differ, and the clustering coefficient, indicative of the overall information-processing capacity of the brain network, was slightly elevated in HIV patients. This elevation may relate to compensatory effects of brain area functions, the impact of cART, functional reorganization, or inflammatory responses.</p

Heterobimetallic Lanthanide/Sodium Phenoxides: Efficient Catalysts for Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines

Heterobimetallic lanthanide/sodium phenoxides were found to be efficient catalysts for amidation of aldehydes with amines under mild conditions. The reactivity follows the order Nd 2C6H3O iPr)2C6H3O tBu)2C6H3O for phenoxide groups. In comparison with the corresponding monometallic complexes, heterobimetallic complexes show higher activity and a wider range of scope of amines. A cooperation of lanthanide and sodium in this process is proposed to contribute to the high activity of the present catalyst