On Nina Bandelj and Frederick F. Wherry (2011): The Cultural Wealth of Nations

The authors of this volume investigate their posed questions about the cultural wealth of nations by relying on the traditions of Viviana A. Zelizer and Alejandro Portes, who had ‘visions of an economic sociology that enfolds culture and development into its core’ (p. x.). Cultural economic sociology seeks to analyze the effects that culture, cultural differences and cultural heritage can have on economies through using sociological methods and theories to dissect how (intentionally or unintentionally) cultural advantages/cultural wealth can contribute to economic growth and local development

Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Bis[(<i>S</i>)-1-phenylethyl]-(<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-4,5- diamino-1,7-octadiene

Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of N,N-Bis[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-(R,R)-4,5- diamino-1,7-octadien

Novel Organometallic Building Blocks for Molecular Crystal Engineering. 3. Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogen Bonding of the Crystalline Mono- and Bis-Amide Derivatives of [Co^III(η⁵-C₅H₄-COOH)₂]⁺ and of the Cationic Zwitterion [Co^III(η⁵-C₅H₄CONHC₅H₄NH)(η⁵-C₅H₄COO)]⁺

The synthesis and structural characterization of the molecular complexes [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4N)2][PF6] (1), [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4NH)(η5-C5H4COO)][PF6] (2), and of the supramolecular adducts [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4N)2][Fe(η5-C5H4COOH)2][PF6] (3) and [CoIII(η5-C5H4COO)2](-)[(C16H9CH2NH3)](+) (4) are reported together with an investigation of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the solid state. Compound [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4NH)(η5-C5H4COO)](+) has been described as a cationic zwitterion in view of the charge separation arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic group and protonation of the pyridine moiety on the parent compound [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4N)(η5-C5H4COOH)]+. The complex forms a supramolecular dimer via charge-assisted N−H···O hydrogen bonds, topologically analogous to the mixed metal supramolecular complex [CoIII(η5-C5H4CONHC5H4N)2](+)[Fe(η5-C5H4COOH)2], which has also been prepared and characterized. The differences in hydrogen bonding have been analyzed

X−H---π (X = O, N, C) Hydrogen Bonds in Organometallic Crystals

The intermolecular interactions between X−H donors (X = C, N, O) and electron-rich π-ligands (alkynes, arenes, and cyclopentadienyl ligands) in crystalline organometallic complexes have been investigated from data retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database. Intermolecular X−H---π interactions are weak hydrogen bonds following the common order of acidity HOH > HNH > HCH but become more effective packing determinants when “charge-assisted” by the presence of an ionic charge (X−Hδ+---πδ-)

Co-Crystals and Salts Obtained from Dinitrogen Bases and 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutane Tetracarboxylic Acid and the Use of the Latter As a Template for Solid-State Photocyclization Reactions

The synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a series of co-crystals and adducts of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid (H₄CBTC) with the dinitrogen bases 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane (BPA) and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethylene (BPE), respectively, are reported. The thermal stability and interconversion process between the dihydrated salt [BPAH₂]­[H₂CBTC]·2H₂O and its dehydration product and the use of this latter to obtain the neutral co-crystal [BPA]₂·[H₄CBTC] have been investigated. The products obtained with 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethylene (BPE), namely, the salt [BPEH]­[H₃CBTC] and the co-crystal [BPE]₂·[H₄CBTC] are prearranged in space so as to be able to react photochemically yielding <i>rctt</i>-tetrakis­(4-pyridyl)­cyclobutane (TPCB). Recrystallization from ethanol of the photocyclization products yields the channeled structure of the solvated co-crystal [TPCB]·[H₄CBTC]·EtOH

Tuning the Solubility of the Herbicide Bentazon: from Salt to Neutral and to Inclusion Complexes

We report on the mechanochemical synthesis of inclusion complexes obtained by reacting the neutral crystalline herbicide bentazon (HBtz) with native cyclodextrins (CDs). The reaction of HBtz with γ-CD resulted in the formation of the inclusion complexes [β-CD·HBtz]·6H2O and [γ-CD·HBtz]·8H2O, which were characterized via a combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and calorimetric measurements. No complexation, on the contrary, was achieved upon the reaction of HBtz with α-CD. The salt NaBtz·1.75H2O, widely used as a water-soluble salt of bentazon for the manufacturing of agrochemicals, was also synthesized and structurally characterized, and its solubility and dissolution properties were compared to those of neutral HBtz and of the β-CD and γ-CD inclusion complexes. It was found that the behavior of [β-CD·HBtz]·6H2O and [γ-CD·HBtz]·8H2O in water is similar, with dissolution rates of 28.4 ng·L–1·min–1 and 39.8 ng·L–1·min–1, respectively, and is intermediate between those of NaBtz·1.75H2O (228 ng·L–1·min–1) and neutral bentazon (3.5 ng·L–1·min–1). These results were also compared with those of the dehydrated inclusion complexes, which displayed intermediate dissolution rates between hydrous complexes and NaBtz·1.75H2O. All findings indicate that the inclusion of HBtz in β-CD and γ-CD might represent a viable alternative for the preparation of environmentally friendly agrochemicals with controlled bentazon release to be used in the formulation of herbicides

Co-Crystals and Salts Obtained from Dinitrogen Bases and 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutane Tetracarboxylic Acid and the Use of the Latter As a Template for Solid-State Photocyclization Reactions

The synthesis, isolation, and characterization of a series of co-crystals and adducts of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid (H₄CBTC) with the dinitrogen bases 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethane (BPA) and 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethylene (BPE), respectively, are reported. The thermal stability and interconversion process between the dihydrated salt [BPAH₂]­[H₂CBTC]·2H₂O and its dehydration product and the use of this latter to obtain the neutral co-crystal [BPA]₂·[H₄CBTC] have been investigated. The products obtained with 1,2-bis­(4-pyridyl)­ethylene (BPE), namely, the salt [BPEH]­[H₃CBTC] and the co-crystal [BPE]₂·[H₄CBTC] are prearranged in space so as to be able to react photochemically yielding <i>rctt</i>-tetrakis­(4-pyridyl)­cyclobutane (TPCB). Recrystallization from ethanol of the photocyclization products yields the channeled structure of the solvated co-crystal [TPCB]·[H₄CBTC]·EtOH

Intriguing Case of <i>Pseudo</i>-Isomorphism between Chiral and Racemic Crystals of rac- and (<i>S</i>)/(<i>R</i>)2-(1,8-Naphthalimido)-2-quinuclidin-3-yl, and Their Reactivity Toward I₂ and IBr

Condensation reactions between 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and racemic 3-aminoquinuclidine or chiral (S) or (R)-(−)-3-aminoquinuclidine allowed preparation of three novel racemic and enantiopure aza-donor ligands, namely NMiABCO (1), (S)­NMiABCO (2a), and (R)­NMiABCO (2b). Racemic NMiABCO (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, Z′ = 1, while enantiopure (S)­NMiABCO (2a) and (R)­NMiABCO (2b) crystallize in the chiral monoclinic space group P21, Z′ = 2, and show significant pseudocentrosymmetry, being pseudo-isomorphous with racemic NMiABCO (1). Reactivity of both racemic and enantiopure NMiABCO toward iodine and interhalogen IBr was also investigated as a way to remove the pseudoisomorphism, yielding the three new molecular adducts [NMiABCO·I2] (3), [(S)­NMiABCO·I2]·xCHCl3 (4), [(S)­NMiABCO·IBr]·xCHCl3 (5) and the molecular salt [HNMiABCO]­[IBr2] (6). Synthesis of complexes 3 and 4 was also carried out in the solid state via kneading and vapor digestion techniques. All compounds were fully characterized via single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy

Hydrogen Bonds within an Ionic Environment: The Remarkable Behavior of the Zwitterion [Co^III(η⁵-C₅H₄COOH)(η⁵-C₅H₄COO)]

The organometallic zwitterion [CoIII(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)] forms a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular adduct with the cationic acid [CoIII(η5-C5H4COOH)2]+ in the solid state and shows self-organization around K+ cations in the mixed system {[CoIII(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)]2}[K]+[PF6]-