Factors univariately associated with congenital and perinatal/postnatal CMV transmission.

Factors univariately associated with congenital and perinatal/postnatal CMV transmission.</p

Factors associated with congenital CMV in multivariate model A.

Factors associated with congenital CMV in multivariate model A.</p

Low maternal vitamin D is associated with increased risk of congenital and peri/postnatal transmission of Cytomegalovirus in women with HIV - Fig 2

a. The percentage of mothers with 25(OH)D levels above and below the cut point of 32 ng/ml compared by the CMV status of their infants. b. The percentage of mothers with low, middle or high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, based on tertiles, compared by CMV transmission status.</p

Study cohort characteristics.

Study cohort characteristics.</p

Factors associated with congenital CMV in multivariate model B.

Factors associated with congenital CMV in multivariate model B.</p

Factors associated with peri/postnatal CMV in multivariate model.

Factors associated with peri/postnatal CMV in multivariate model.</p

Study cohort based on infant CMV testing results.

Study cohort based on infant CMV testing results.</p

Factors univariately associated with vitamin D levels.

Factors univariately associated with vitamin D levels.</p

Comparison of HIV co-receptors, CD4+ T cell activation markers, CD4+ MFI and Percent of CD4+ Cells Among Total T Cells between SCD patients and non-SCD controls.

Twenty four-hour old whole blood samples from SCD patient and non-SCD controls were labeled for CD4 T cells and incubated with antibodies to detect markers associated with HIV or cellular activation. Following incubation, surface expression of the HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 and T cell trafficking molecule CCR7 were measured by flow cytometry (Panel A). MFI, mean fluorescence intensity between SCD patients and non-SCD controls were compared. Percent of CD4+ T cells expressing the activation markers CD38 or HLA-DR were measured and compared between SCD patients and non-SCD controls (Panel B). The intensity of expression of CD4+ amongst T cells (Panel C) and the percent of CD4+ T cells among total T cells (Panel D) was significantly higher in SCD patients compared to non-SCD controls. Mean and standard errors of the means for 30 SCD patients and 30 non-SCD controls are shown, *p<0.05.</p

HIV Infectivity of PBMCs from SCD Patients and non-SCD Controls.

CD8-depleted PBMC from SCD patients and non-SCD controls were infected with HIV NL4-3 (CXCR4-tropic) and 81-A (CCR5-tropic) at increasing MOI for six days. Following incubation, supernatants and cells were harvested for detection of HIV p24 (Panel A) and pro-viral load (Panel B) respectively. Mean and standard errors of the means for 30 SCD patients and 30 non-SCD controls are shown. Samples from four SCD patients and two non-SCD controls spanning a range of proviral load were assayed for integrated HIV DNA (Panel C). Five samples showed undetectable HIV DNA on both assays and are not graphed. The linear regression line of the log10 values is shown.</p