Suspension cultures of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: effects of donor age and glucose level

Both ageing and diabetes are associated with reduced numbers and functional viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo which in turn lead to degenerative pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The overall aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of age and raised glucose levels on the proliferation and selfrenewal of rat nonadherent bone marrow MSCs (Na-BM-MSCs) in suspension cultures. MSC cultures isolated from 3- and 12-month-old rats were maintained using the "pour-off" method for up to 14 days in media containing different glucose levels and the phenotype, growth characteristics, colony forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-f) numbers, and pluripotency characteristics of these cells were determined. This study indicates that rat adult bone marrow harbors pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that seem to be unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion. The Na-BM-MSCs express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. It was found that culture in high-glucose- containing medium had a negative effect on colony formation and differentiation. In contrast to classical MSC cultures, the generation of colonies by Na-BM-MSCs in suspension culture was not reduced in the older animals. The Na-BM-MSCs were found to express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, suggesting a more primitive stage of differentiation as compared with adherent MSCs. These data indicate that rat adult bone marrow harbors a population of pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that appear to be relatively unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion in suspension. © 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Suspension cultures of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: effects of donor age and glucose level

Both ageing and diabetes are associated with reduced numbers and functional viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo which in turn lead to degenerative pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. The overall aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of age and raised glucose levels on the proliferation and selfrenewal of rat nonadherent bone marrow MSCs (Na-BM-MSCs) in suspension cultures. MSC cultures isolated from 3- and 12-month-old rats were maintained using the "pour-off" method for up to 14 days in media containing different glucose levels and the phenotype, growth characteristics, colony forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-f) numbers, and pluripotency characteristics of these cells were determined. This study indicates that rat adult bone marrow harbors pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that seem to be unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion. The Na-BM-MSCs express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. It was found that culture in high-glucose- containing medium had a negative effect on colony formation and differentiation. In contrast to classical MSC cultures, the generation of colonies by Na-BM-MSCs in suspension culture was not reduced in the older animals. The Na-BM-MSCs were found to express the pluripotency markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, suggesting a more primitive stage of differentiation as compared with adherent MSCs. These data indicate that rat adult bone marrow harbors a population of pluripotent Na-BM-MSCs that appear to be relatively unaffected by ageing during in vitro expansion in suspension. © 2012 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Proposed localization and statistics of the peak voxels within the respective ROI for the contrasts ((idDT – idC) – (loDT – loC)) and ((loDT – loC) – (idDT – idC)).

<p><i>Note.</i> The threshold was <i>p_corr</i><.05 (FWE-corrected according to SPM8, small volume corrected). All coordinates (<i>x, y, z</i>) are given in MNI space. L = left, R = right. Marginal significant ROI are printed in italics.</p

Exemplary illustration of the experimental conditions used in the experiment.

<p>In reality the numbers have been represented in red and blue, respectively.</p

Localization and statistics of the peak voxels within the respective ROI activated during the identity- and location-based DT and DTTD trials.

<p><i>Note.</i> The threshold was <i>p_corr</i><.05 (FWE-corrected according to SPM8, small volume corrected). All coordinates (<i>x, y, z</i>) are given in MNI space. L = left, R = right, inf. p.t. = inferior pars triangularis, inf. p.o. = inferior pars opercularis. Marginal significant ROI are printed in italics.</p

Averaged medians of response times in milliseconds for conditions C, DT, DTTD, and TT of the identity-based task and the location-based task with the according standard-deviation (SD).

<p>Averaged medians of response times in milliseconds for conditions C, DT, DTTD, and TT of the identity-based task and the location-based task with the according standard-deviation (SD).</p

Neural activation for identity- and location-based priming.

<p>The contrast (DT – C) is presented, respectively. For coronal view the brain slice with y = −35 and for axial view with z = −7 is presented. For illustration reasons, data were thresholded at <i>T</i> ≥ 2.0.</p

Exemplary illustration of arrangement of response buttons on the response pad.

<p>For the identity-based task, response buttons corresponded to the presented numbers on the screen. H = hold-over key.</p

Additional file 7: Table S9. of A comprehensive study of the genomic differentiation between temperate Dent and Flint maize

Gene-wise level of differentiation of allele frequencies between landraces and Dent (left) and Flint (right) elite lines based on genotyping data. (XLSX 27 kb

Additional file 3: Table S3. of A comprehensive study of the genomic differentiation between temperate Dent and Flint maize

Gene-wise statistics for 1407 candidate genes identified in the 70 Dent (N = 876) and 66 Flint (N = 545) lines based on genotyping data. (XLSX 1238 kb