5-alpha Reductase inhibitors and risk of male breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) and the risk of male breast cancer (MBC). Material and Methods: We systematically searched Medline via PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library Central Register up to May 2017 to identify published articles related to 5ARIs and the risk of MBC. Results: Summary effect estimates were calculated by a random-effect model, and tests for multivariable-unadjusted pooled risk ratios (RR) and heterogeneity, as well as the sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess publication bias. All four studies were conducted in a quality assessment according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale system. The strength of association between 5ARIs and the prevalence of MBC was evaluated by using summarized unadjusted pooled RR with a 95% confidence interval [CI]. Four studies involving 595.776 participants, mean age range from 60 to 73.2 years old, were included in a meta-analysis, which produced a summary unadjusted RR of the risk of MBC for the treatment of 5ARIs of 1.16 (95% CI 0.85-1.58, P=0.36) and the multivariable-adjusted RR is 1.03, (95% CI 0.75-1.41, p=0.86). There was no heterogeneity among included studies (I2=0%, P=0.49). Estimates of total effects were generally consistent with the sensitivity. Conclusion: We did not observe a positive association between the use of 5ARIs and MBC. The small number of breast cancer cases exposed to 5ARIs and the lack of an association in our study suggest that the development of breast cancer should not influence the prescribing of 5ARIs therapy.</div

Summary of studies of the comparison of the effect of pain relief of dorsal penile nerve block and lidocaine cream in circumcision.

Summary of studies of the comparison of the effect of pain relief of dorsal penile nerve block and lidocaine cream in circumcision.</p

Sensitivity analysis after each study was excluded by turns.

Sensitivity analysis after each study was excluded by turns.</p

Comparison of NIPS and mean HR.

Comparison of NIPS and mean HR.</p

Risk of bias graph and risk of bias summary.

Risk of bias graph and risk of bias summary.</p

Supplementary Table S1 from A PSCA/PGRN–NF-κB–Integrin–α4 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion to Bone Marrow Endothelium and Enhances Metastatic Potential

Primer sequences for the knockdown of PSCA and ITGA4 genes and the control</p

Flow chart of study selection.

Flow chart of study selection.</p

Comparison of edema, erythema, hematoma and secondary anesthesia.

Comparison of edema, erythema, hematoma and secondary anesthesia.</p

Supplementary Figure S2 from A PSCA/PGRN–NF-κB–Integrin–α4 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion to Bone Marrow Endothelium and Enhances Metastatic Potential

PSCA had no effect on the expression levels of integrin αv (ITGAV), integrin β1 (ITGB1) and integrin β3 (ITGB3) in PCa cells. A.Western blot analyses. B. qRT-PCR analyses.</p

Supplementary Table S2 from A PSCA/PGRN–NF-κB–Integrin–α4 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion to Bone Marrow Endothelium and Enhances Metastatic Potential

Primer sets used in the study, related to the PCR and qRT-PCR</p