Additional file 2: Figure S2. of In vitro activity of ten essential oils against Sarcoptes scabiei

The mites in fumigation bioassay observed under a stereomicroscope. The mites stayed firmly attached to the bottom of the Petri dish which has been turned over. (JPG 400 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of In vitro activity of ten essential oils against Sarcoptes scabiei

Thousands of mites on the crusts collected from the ear canal of the pig model. (JPG 639 kb

Formation of <i>in vitro</i> biofilm of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Kinetics of biofilm formation visualized in CLSM: 8 h (1), 12 h (2) and 24 h (3) after inoculation. (<b>B</b>) 24 h–old biofilm in SEM: general aspect of Af biofilm (1), hyphae embedded in ECM and presence of conidia (2), ECM with holes (3). ECM = extracellular matrix, C = conidia.</p

<i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> and mixed biofilms thicknesses.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Means of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> and mixed biofilms thicknesses after 24 h of culture (<b>B</b>) CLSM observations of 24 h-old biofilms thicknesses inoculated on Lab-Tek^TM slides. Sm = <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i>, Af = <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i>. For each biofilm, 50 measurements were taken. Results are expressed in mean±SE, * <i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p

Growth of <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> in the single and mixed biofilms.

<p>Data are expressed in log of CE or BE/mL as measured by qPCR over 24h and presented in the form of mean±SE. Sm = <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i>, Af = <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i>. The experiment was repeated 3 times, using 3 wells per biofilm. Results are expressed in mean±SE, * p < 0.05 compared with the single biofilms.</p

Formation of <i>in vitro</i> mixed biofilm of <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Kinetics of mixed biofilm formation visualized in CLSM: 8 h (1), 12 h (2) and 24 h (3) after inoculation. (<b>B</b>) 24 h–old biofilm in SEM: general aspect of mixed biofilm (1), bacteria covering <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> hyphae and embedded in ECM (2), bacteria between hyphae and embedded in ECM (3). ECM = extracellular matrix.</p

Cell wall thickness of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> in the single and mixed biofilms.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Observation on 24 h–old single <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> biofilm (1–2) and mixed biofilm (3–4) by TEM (<b>B</b>) Cell wall thickness of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> measured on TEM images of the single and mixed biofilms. H = hyphae, B = bacteria, CW = cell wall, ECM = extracellular matrix, Sm = <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i>, Af = <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i>. For each biofilm, approximately 15 measurements on 27 hyphae were taken. Results are expressed in mean±SE, * <i>p</i> < 0.0001.</p

Formation of <i>in vitro</i> biofilm of <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i> observed by SEM.

<p>(<b>A-B</b>) Single biofilm of <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i> after 24 h of culture. ECM = extracellular matrix.</p

Characteristics of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in Association with <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> in an <i>In Vitro</i> Model of Mixed Biofilm - Fig 5

<p><b>Conidiation and phenotype of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> in the mixed biofilm visualized on SEM (A, B) and CLSM (C, D).</b> (<b>A, C</b>) 24 h-old single <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> biofilm (A’) zoom on the presence of conidial head (<b>B, D</b>) 24 h-old mixed biofilm of <i>A</i>. <i>fumigatus</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>maltophilia</i>. Grey circle represents conidial head of <i>A. fumigatus</i> which is only present in the single biofilm.</p