13 research outputs found

    PLACE DU CAFE DANS LES SYSTEMES DE PRODUCTION DU SUD-OUEST ETHIOPIEN ET IMPACT PREVISIONNEL DES OUTILS DE CERTIFICATION

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    N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe role of coffee in southwest Ethiopia's production systems and the forecasted impact of certification projects. Southwest Ethiopia, the genetic cradle of Arabica coffee, is characterized by the progressive transformation of its forests, based on an enrichment of the last on coffee plants and on a lightening and speciesbased modification of the tree strata. The gathering and/or production of coffee, which is almost always combined with cereal cultivation with yoke in open fields and hand tool-based gardening in houses nearby within the very complex local production systems, is nowadays promoted as “forest coffee” or “wild coffee”, appellations that are nowadays used in some certification projects. Also, as a part of the current policies of development of this original product and protection of the forested areas, government allocates big forestry concessions to national and foreign investors. The aim of this communication is to analyse the role of coffee within the diversified production systems of southwest Ethiopia, and the possible effects of “forest coffee” certification projects on farmers' practices, income and socioeconomic differentiation evolution. Forestry concessions evolving into more and more of a capitalistic farming model – based on employment of precarious daily workers – this research work also poses the problem of the absence of fairness in this type of development. It also underlines the risks of the certification process cited above, which includes in the same chain value very different ways of producing coffee – both in terms of the production process and the associated social and production relations – and, in that sense, could create some confusion and, at the same time, could deprive the Ethiopian peasantry of a part of its patrimony

    Development assemblages and collective farmer-led irrigation in the Sahel: A case study from the lower Delta of the Senegal River"

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    In Sahelian countries, farmer-led irrigation development has contributed to the extension of irrigated areas in formerly state-led schemes, especially from the 1990s onwards. It has usually consisted of individual approaches, revealing the unequal capacities that farmers have had to develop irrigated agriculture. However, in some cases, farmers have performed collective practices geared towards achieving a more concerted and equitable management of resources. This article is centred on such collective enterprises. It is based on a case study from the delta of the Senegal River. In this region, where state agencies, donors, and investors have set the tone of irrigation development over the last decades, the concerted irrigation development led by the inhabitants of a small village (ThilĂšne) can be considered to be a form of resistance. By drawing on the concepts of 'moral economy' and 'assemblage', and using 'comparative agriculture' methods, we situate the emergence of this collective action in order to understand who has governed it by what means or practices, and to know what have been its outcomes. We see these collective actions as an alternative irrigation development pathway to that led by the state and donors. The results highlight the contingent nature of these initiatives and the difficulties in implementing adapted policies to trigger or boost their emergence

    Chapitre 5 - Sécheresse, aménagements hydrauliques et modÚles de développement : delta du fleuve Sénégal

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    La rĂ©gion du delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal (figure 5.1) connaissait dĂ©jĂ , avant l’épisode de sĂ©cheresse des annĂ©es 1970-1980 qui a marquĂ© l’ensemble du Sahel, de faibles totaux pluviomĂ©triques. Elle Ă©tait aussi particuliĂšrement sujette aux variations interannuelles de la pluviomĂ©trie et de la crue du fleuve, rendant l’agriculture pluviale hasardeuse (Lericollais, 1975). L’adaptation ancienne et systĂ©mique des agriculteurs et Ă©leveurs Ă  des..

    SystĂšmes agraires et changement climatique au Sud

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    À partir de l’étude dĂ©taillĂ©e et de la comparaison d’une douzaine de situations locales contrastĂ©es en Afrique sub-saharienne et en Asie du Sud-Est, les auteurs mettent en Ă©vidence les processus et les trajectoires qui expliquent la forte exposition aux alĂ©as des diffĂ©rents groupes d’agriculteurs, ainsi que leur inĂ©gale capacitĂ© d’adaptation. Ils expliquent les ressorts de cette vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et illustrent le poids des choix passĂ©s et actuels en matiĂšre de politiques agricole, environnementale et commerciale. Enfin, ils prĂ©sentent les modalitĂ©s d’ajustement et les transformations passĂ©es et en cours des pratiques paysannes allant dans le sens d’une rĂ©duction de l’exposition Ă  l’alĂ©a, d’une attĂ©nuation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, et d’une meilleure adaptation aux changements globaux : dĂ©rĂšglement climatique bien sĂ»r, mais aussi accroissement dĂ©mographique, compĂ©tition accrue pour l’accĂšs aux ressources, Ă©volution des prix relatifs et fluctuations des marchĂ©s, dĂ©rĂ©gulation et baisse des soutiens publics, etc. Ils esquissent en conclusion les chemins possibles en matiĂšre d’adaptation et des propositions de mesures politiques pour accompagner les producteurs.Pour des raisons de diffĂ©rences de fabrication, les figures et photos en couleurs de la prĂ©sente version sont dissĂ©minĂ©es au sein des diffĂ©rents chapitres, mais sont rĂ©unies Ă  la fin du chapitre 4 de la version PDF

    The role of coffee in the development of Southwest Ethiopia's forests: farmers' strategies, investor speculation, and certification projects

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    International audienceThis article examines the role of coffee in the agriculture of southwest Ethiopian highlands, a context characterized by recent huge private coffee estate developments, coffee certification projects and smallholdings. The analysis shows that smallholder farmers prioritize staple crops, and allocate land and labor to coffee only once food production objectives have been reached. It also underscores the diversity of the local peasantry, often treated as a homogeneous group in development projects designed to boost farmers’ income through coffee production. Based on this analysis, the article evaluates the effects of recent coffee-oriented development policies: state forest concessions for coffee investment, and two coffee certification projects (UTZ-Certified and Fair-Trade=Organic). Because they omit the differentiated farmers’ strategies, these certification initiatives fail to improve local populations’ livelihoods and accelerate incipient socioeconomic inequalities. Moreover, when applied to big private plantations, they participate in farmers’ dispossession from critical forest resources essential to households’ food self-sufficiency

    Politique hydro-agricole et rĂ©silience de l’agriculture familiale

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    International audienceEmblĂ©matiques des grands projets hydrauliques en Afrique de l’Ouest, les amĂ©nagements dans le Delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal, accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©s sous l’influence de la profonde sĂ©cheresse au Sahel, ont permis de sĂ©curiser la production en basculant d’une agriculture pluviale et de dĂ©crue Ă  une agriculture irriguĂ©e. Ils ont en revanche conduit Ă  un bouleversement complet des Ă©cosystĂšmes et de l’agriculture du Delta, dans des contextes de politiques agricoles et de modĂšles de dĂ©veloppement trĂšs diffĂ©rents des annĂ©es 1960 Ă  aujourd’hui, qui ont continĂ»ment mis Ă  l’épreuve la rĂ©silience de l’agriculture familiale de cette rĂ©gion. Demeurent aujourd’hui des insĂ©curitĂ©s dans l’accĂšs au foncier, au capital et aux marchĂ©s pour lesquelles diffĂ©rentes voies d’adaptation peuvent ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es, qui permettent d’interroger la notion de rĂ©silience

    Desarrollo cafetalero y dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en las tierras altas del suroeste de EtiopĂ­a

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    International audienceEn el centro de origen del cafĂ©, Etiopia es el primer productor africano del aromĂĄtico, favorecido por tierras altasal sur y sureste del paĂ­s, donde se concentra la producciĂłn proveniente de pequeñas unidades que combinanla obtenciĂłn de alimentos con la de cafĂ© para el mercado. Las polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas encaminadas a estimularla producciĂłn especializada de cafĂ© han provocado una dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en la economĂ­a campesinafamiliar que se manifiesta en la pĂ©rdida de la seguridad alimentaria, la polarizaciĂłn de las relaciones localesde producciĂłn y la imposiciĂłn de la aparcerĂ­a y la mano de obra asalariada. TambiĂ©n ocasionan diferenciassociales por el acceso desigual a los recursos y a la renta de la producciĂłn cafetalera al favorecer el crecimientode las explotaciones privadas
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