13 research outputs found
PLACE DU CAFE DANS LES SYSTEMES DE PRODUCTION DU SUD-OUEST ETHIOPIEN ET IMPACT PREVISIONNEL DES OUTILS DE CERTIFICATION
N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe role of coffee in southwest Ethiopia's production systems and the forecasted impact of certification projects. Southwest Ethiopia, the genetic cradle of Arabica coffee, is characterized by the progressive transformation of its forests, based on an enrichment of the last on coffee plants and on a lightening and speciesbased modification of the tree strata. The gathering and/or production of coffee, which is almost always combined with cereal cultivation with yoke in open fields and hand tool-based gardening in houses nearby within the very complex local production systems, is nowadays promoted as âforest coffeeâ or âwild coffeeâ, appellations that are nowadays used in some certification projects. Also, as a part of the current policies of development of this original product and protection of the forested areas, government allocates big forestry concessions to national and foreign investors. The aim of this communication is to analyse the role of coffee within the diversified production systems of southwest Ethiopia, and the possible effects of âforest coffeeâ certification projects on farmers' practices, income and socioeconomic differentiation evolution. Forestry concessions evolving into more and more of a capitalistic farming model â based on employment of precarious daily workers â this research work also poses the problem of the absence of fairness in this type of development. It also underlines the risks of the certification process cited above, which includes in the same chain value very different ways of producing coffee â both in terms of the production process and the associated social and production relations â and, in that sense, could create some confusion and, at the same time, could deprive the Ethiopian peasantry of a part of its patrimony
Development assemblages and collective farmer-led irrigation in the Sahel: A case study from the lower Delta of the Senegal River"
In Sahelian countries, farmer-led irrigation development has contributed to the extension of irrigated
areas in formerly state-led schemes, especially from the 1990s onwards. It has usually consisted of individual
approaches, revealing the unequal capacities that farmers have had to develop irrigated agriculture. However, in
some cases, farmers have performed collective practices geared towards achieving a more concerted and
equitable management of resources. This article is centred on such collective enterprises. It is based on a case
study from the delta of the Senegal River. In this region, where state agencies, donors, and investors have set the
tone of irrigation development over the last decades, the concerted irrigation development led by the inhabitants
of a small village (ThilĂšne) can be considered to be a form of resistance. By drawing on the concepts of 'moral
economy' and 'assemblage', and using 'comparative agriculture' methods, we situate the emergence of this
collective action in order to understand who has governed it by what means or practices, and to know what have
been its outcomes. We see these collective actions as an alternative irrigation development pathway to that led
by the state and donors. The results highlight the contingent nature of these initiatives and the difficulties in
implementing adapted policies to trigger or boost their emergence
Chapitre 5 - Sécheresse, aménagements hydrauliques et modÚles de développement : delta du fleuve Sénégal
La rĂ©gion du delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal (figure 5.1) connaissait dĂ©jĂ , avant lâĂ©pisode de sĂ©cheresse des annĂ©es 1970-1980 qui a marquĂ© lâensemble du Sahel, de faibles totaux pluviomĂ©triques. Elle Ă©tait aussi particuliĂšrement sujette aux variations interannuelles de la pluviomĂ©trie et de la crue du fleuve, rendant lâagriculture pluviale hasardeuse (Lericollais, 1975). Lâadaptation ancienne et systĂ©mique des agriculteurs et Ă©leveurs Ă des..
SystĂšmes agraires et changement climatique au Sud
Ă partir de lâĂ©tude dĂ©taillĂ©e et de la comparaison dâune douzaine de situations locales contrastĂ©es en Afrique sub-saharienne et en Asie du Sud-Est, les auteurs mettent en Ă©vidence les processus et les trajectoires qui expliquent la forte exposition aux alĂ©as des diffĂ©rents groupes dâagriculteurs, ainsi que leur inĂ©gale capacitĂ© dâadaptation. Ils expliquent les ressorts de cette vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et illustrent le poids des choix passĂ©s et actuels en matiĂšre de politiques agricole, environnementale et commerciale. Enfin, ils prĂ©sentent les modalitĂ©s dâajustement et les transformations passĂ©es et en cours des pratiques paysannes allant dans le sens dâune rĂ©duction de lâexposition Ă lâalĂ©a, dâune attĂ©nuation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, et dâune meilleure adaptation aux changements globaux : dĂ©rĂšglement climatique bien sĂ»r, mais aussi accroissement dĂ©mographique, compĂ©tition accrue pour lâaccĂšs aux ressources, Ă©volution des prix relatifs et fluctuations des marchĂ©s, dĂ©rĂ©gulation et baisse des soutiens publics, etc. Ils esquissent en conclusion les chemins possibles en matiĂšre dâadaptation et des propositions de mesures politiques pour accompagner les producteurs.Pour des raisons de diffĂ©rences de fabrication, les figures et photos en couleurs de la prĂ©sente version sont dissĂ©minĂ©es au sein des diffĂ©rents chapitres, mais sont rĂ©unies Ă la fin du chapitre 4 de la version PDF
The role of coffee in the development of Southwest Ethiopia's forests: farmers' strategies, investor speculation, and certification projects
International audienceThis article examines the role of coffee in the agriculture of southwest Ethiopian highlands, a context characterized by recent huge private coffee estate developments, coffee certification projects and smallholdings. The analysis shows that smallholder farmers prioritize staple crops, and allocate land and labor to coffee only once food production objectives have been reached. It also underscores the diversity of the local peasantry, often treated as a homogeneous group in development projects designed to boost farmersâ income through coffee production. Based on this analysis, the article evaluates the effects of recent coffee-oriented development policies: state forest concessions for coffee investment, and two coffee certification projects (UTZ-Certified and Fair-Trade=Organic). Because they omit the differentiated farmersâ strategies, these certification initiatives fail to improve local populationsâ livelihoods and accelerate incipient socioeconomic inequalities. Moreover, when applied to big private plantations, they participate in farmersâ dispossession from critical forest resources essential to householdsâ food self-sufficiency
Politique hydro-agricole et rĂ©silience de lâagriculture familiale
International audienceEmblĂ©matiques des grands projets hydrauliques en Afrique de lâOuest, les amĂ©nagements dans le Delta du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal, accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©s sous lâinfluence de la profonde sĂ©cheresse au Sahel, ont permis de sĂ©curiser la production en basculant dâune agriculture pluviale et de dĂ©crue Ă une agriculture irriguĂ©e. Ils ont en revanche conduit Ă un bouleversement complet des Ă©cosystĂšmes et de lâagriculture du Delta, dans des contextes de politiques agricoles et de modĂšles de dĂ©veloppement trĂšs diffĂ©rents des annĂ©es 1960 Ă aujourdâhui, qui ont continĂ»ment mis Ă lâĂ©preuve la rĂ©silience de lâagriculture familiale de cette rĂ©gion. Demeurent aujourdâhui des insĂ©curitĂ©s dans lâaccĂšs au foncier, au capital et aux marchĂ©s pour lesquelles diffĂ©rentes voies dâadaptation peuvent ĂȘtre envisagĂ©es, qui permettent dâinterroger la notion de rĂ©silience
Desarrollo cafetalero y dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en las tierras altas del suroeste de EtiopĂa
International audienceEn el centro de origen del cafĂ©, Etiopia es el primer productor africano del aromĂĄtico, favorecido por tierras altasal sur y sureste del paĂs, donde se concentra la producciĂłn proveniente de pequeñas unidades que combinanla obtenciĂłn de alimentos con la de cafĂ© para el mercado. Las polĂticas pĂșblicas encaminadas a estimularla producciĂłn especializada de cafĂ© han provocado una dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en la economĂa campesinafamiliar que se manifiesta en la pĂ©rdida de la seguridad alimentaria, la polarizaciĂłn de las relaciones localesde producciĂłn y la imposiciĂłn de la aparcerĂa y la mano de obra asalariada. TambiĂ©n ocasionan diferenciassociales por el acceso desigual a los recursos y a la renta de la producciĂłn cafetalera al favorecer el crecimientode las explotaciones privadas
Desarrollo cafetalero y dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en las tierras altas del suroeste de EtiopĂa
International audienc
Desarrollo cafetalero y dislocaciĂłn socioeconĂłmica en las tierras altas del suroeste de EtiopĂa
International audienc