Substance Abuse Professional (SAP) Guidelines for the U.S. Department of Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Program - (49 CFR Part 40)

Revised June 1, 2023 (all previous editions are hereby rescinded).These Guidelines are provided to you by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance (ODAPC). These Guidelines apply only to employers; individuals who are acting as a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP) for DOT- regulated employers; and employees subject to DOT regulation 49 CFR part 40 (Part 40) and other DOT Agency regulations (i.e., the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA); the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA); the Federal Transit Administration (FTA); the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the United States Coast Guard

Booze barns – fuelling hazardous drinking in Australia?

Latest data confirm that drinking by Australians persists as a public health problem, despite a plateauing of consumption levels in recent years. In 2011–12, 19.5 % of adults exceeded the Nationa

A review of public opinion towards alcohol controls in Australia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increasing concern about the negative impact of alcohol on the Australian community has renewed calls for tighter regulatory controls. This paper reviews levels of and trends in public support for liquor control regulations, regulation of alcohol promotions, and alcohol pricing and taxation reforms in Australia between 1998 and 2009.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Six electronic databases and twenty public health and alcohol organisation websites were searched for research literature, reports and media releases describing levels of public support for alcohol controls. Only studies which randomly selected participants were included.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty-one studies were included in the review. The majority of the Australian public support most proposed alcohol controls. Levels of support are divided between targeted and universal controls.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Implementation of targeted alcohol policies is likely to be strongly supported by the Australian public, but universal controls are liable to be unpopular. Policy makers are provided with insights into factors likely to be associated with higher public support.</p

A longitudinal comparison of retention in buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence in New South Wales, Australia

Background and Aims: To examine characteristics of first-time methadone and buprenorphine clients and factors associated with risk of leaving first treatment in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Design: Retrospective linkage study of opioid substitution therapy (OST) treatment, court, custody and mortality data. Setting: NSW, Australia. Participants: First-time OST entrants (August 2001–December 2010). Measurements: Characteristics of clients were examined. Time-dependent Cox models examined factors associated with the risk of leaving first treatment, with demographic, criminographic and treatment variables jointly considered. Interactions between medication and other variables upon risk of leaving treatment were examined.Findings: There were 15 600 treatment entrants: 7183 (46%) commenced buprenorphine, 8417 (54%) commenced methadone; the proportion entering buprenorphine increased over time. Those starting buprenorphine switched medications more frequently and had more subsequent treatment episodes. Buprenorphine retention was also poorer. On average, 44% spent 3+ months in treatment compared with 70% of those commencing methadone; however, buprenorphine retention for first-time entrants improved over time, whereas methadone retention did not. Multivariable Cox models indicated that in addition to sex, age, treatment setting and criminographic variables, the risk of leaving a first treatment episode was greater on any given day for those receiving buprenorphine, and was dependent on the year treatment was initiated. There was no interaction between any demographic variables and medication received, suggesting no clear evidence of any particular groups for whom each medication might be better suited in terms of improving retention. Conclusions: Although retention rates for buprenorphine treatment have improved in New South Wales, Australia, individuals starting methadone treatment still show higher retention rates