Prevalence and Associated Factors of Unprotected Anal Intercourse with Regular Male Sex Partners among HIV Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

<div><p>The HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China are high. Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with a regular male sex partner (RP), a significant predictor of HIV sero-conversion, was high yet under-emphasized among MSM having RP (MSMRP). The present cross-sectional survey interviewed 307 HIV negative MSMRP recruited through convenient sampling from multiple sources, including venue-based outreaching, online recruitment, and referrals made by peers, in Beijing and Chengdu, China. Among MSMRP, the prevalence of UAI with RP in the last three months was 52.4%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that trust and intimacy within the relationship with RP and presence of clinical depression symptoms were positively associated with UAI with RP in the last three months. Other associated scalar factors derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior were related to perceptions on condom use, including positive attitudes toward condom use (a negative association), subjective norm of the perception that MSM do not usually use condoms during anal intercourse with RP (a positive association), perceived behavioral control over condom use with RP (a negative association), and behavioral intention to use condoms with RP in the coming three months (a negative association). It is seen that MSMRP were at high risk of HIV/STD transmission. The associated factors hence involved those related to perceptions about condom use, mental health, and interpersonal relationship. Future interventions should take these multi-dimensional factors into account. In particular, future research to test the efficacy of couple-based interventions that include mental health elements needs to be conducted, as trust and intimacy within the relationship were associated with UAI among MSMRP, and mental health problems may exist for both the MSMRP and their RP.</p></div

Infarct volume 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in each group.

<p>Infarction volume was determined as a percentage of the contralateral hemisphere. Values were expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6-8 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB-Con or Non-DB-5HD+Sev; † <i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con or Ins-DB-Sev vs. DB-Con, §<i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con vs. Ins-DB-Sev.</p

Phase Equilibria and Dissociation Enthalpies of Hydrogen Semi-Clathrate Hydrate with Tetrabutyl Ammonium Nitrate

This paper reports the experimentally determined thermodynamic stability conditions for the hydrogen semiclathrate hydrate generated from tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate (TBANO₃) aqueous solutions at two mole fractions, 0.037 and 0.030, corresponding to the stoichiometric composition for TBANO₃·26H₂O and TBANO₃·32H₂O, respectively. The experiments for this three-component TBANO₃ + water + hydrogen system were performed in the temperature range of (281.9 to 284.9) K and pressure range of (9.09 to 31.98) MPa with using a “full view” sapphire cell. An isochoric equilibrium step-heating pressure search method was employed to determine the phase boundary between hydrate–liquid–vapor (H-L-V) phases and liquid–vapor (L-V) phases. The results showed that the semiclathrate hydrate of TBANO₃·26H₂O + H₂ is more stable than that of TBANO₃·32H₂O + H₂, with both of these semiclathrate hydrates being much more stable than pure hydrogen hydrate. The obtained phase equilibria data were analyzed using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation to determine the dissociation enthalpy at the pressure range from (9 to 32) MPa. It was found that the mean dissociation enthalpies for the hydrogen–TBANO₃·26H₂O and hydrogen–TBANO₃·32H₂O clathrate hydrate systems were 322.53 kJ·mol^–1 and 340.23 kJ·mol^–1, respectively

Neurological deficit scores (A) and motor coordination (B) 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in each group.

<p>Values were expressed as mean ± SEM (n=6-8 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB-Con or Non-DB-5HD+Sev; † <i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con or Ins-DB-Sev vs. DB-Con, §<i>P</i><0.05, Ins-DB-Con vs. Ins-DB-Sev.</p

Representative laser confocal images (A) and Quantitative comparison of Kir6.2 (B) and SUR1 (C) fluorescence in the brain cortex from non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with or without insulin.

<p>Scale bar, 200 µm. Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=3 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB; † <i>P</i><0.05 vs. DB.</p

Representative RT-PCR product bands (A) and quantitative comparison of mRNA expression for brain mitoK_ATP channel subunits Kir6.2 (B) and SUR1 (C) from non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with or without insulin.

<p>Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=6 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB; † <i>P</i><0.05 vs. DB.</p

Associations between inter-personal variables, mental health status, cognitions related to condom use and UAI with RP in the last three months (N = 307).

<p>OR: odds ratios</p><p>^a Odds ratios estimated by fitting a multiple forward stepwise logistic regression model (entry p = 0.10; removal p = 0.20), using variables obtaining p<.1 from univariate analysis as candidates. The model did not adjust for any socio-demographic variable, as all the socio-demographic variables listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0119977#pone.0119977.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> all showed p>.1 in the univariate analysis.</p><p>^† p<.1</p><p>*p<.05</p><p>** p<.01</p><p>*** p<.001</p><p>NS: not selected by the forward stepwise logistic regression</p><p>—p>.1 in univariate analysis not included in the model</p><p>Associations between inter-personal variables, mental health status, cognitions related to condom use and UAI with RP in the last three months (N = 307).</p

Representative Western blots (A) and quantitative comparison of protein levels for Kir6.2 (B) and SUR1 (C) from non-diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with or without insulin.

<p>Values are expressed as means ± SEM (n=4 for each group). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Non-DB; † <i>P</i><0.05 vs. DB.</p

A meta-analysis of narrow band imaging for the diagnosis and therapeutic outcome of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To assess the additional detection rate (ADR) of within-patient comparisons of Narrow band imaging (NBI) and white light cystoscopy (WLC) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) detection and compare the impact of NBI and WLC on bladder cancer recurrence risk.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We searched relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database for all articles in English published beforeJuly26^th, 2016. Pooled ADR, diagnostic accuracy, relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twenty-five studies including 17 full texts and eight meeting abstracts were included for analysis. Compared to WLC, pooled ADR of NBI for NMIBC diagnosis was 9.9% (95% CI: 0.05–0.14) and 18.6% (95% CI: 0.15–0.25) in per-patient and per-lesion analysis, respectively. Pooled ADR of NBI for carcinoma in situ (CIS) diagnosis was 25.1% (95% CI: 0.09–0.42) and 31.1% (95% CI: 0.24–0.39) for per-patient and per-lesion analyses, respectively. The pooled sensitivity of NBI was significantly higher than WLC both at the per-patient (95.8% vs. 81.6%) and per-lesion levels (94.8% vs. 72.4%). In addition, NBI significantly reduced the recurrence rate of bladder cancer with a pooled RR value of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.23–0.79) and0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.95) at month three and twelve, respectively.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>NBI is a valid technique that improves the diagnosis of NMIBC and CIS compared to standard WLC either at per-patient or per-lesion level. It can reduce the recurrence rate of bladder cancer accordingly.</p></div

The PRISMA checklist for this meta-analysis.

<p>The PRISMA checklist for this meta-analysis.</p