Enzymatic Fabrication of DNA Nanostructures: Extension of a Self-assembled Oligonucleotide Monolayer on Gold Arrays

Nucleic acid nanostructures are useful as templates for bionanofabrication of composite molecular nanostructures in materials science, molecular electronics, and biosensing. Here, we demonstrate that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, which repetitively adds mononucleotides to the 3‘ end of a short DNA initiator, can be used to rapidly fabricate DNA nanostructures up to 121 nm high with lateral dimensions from 0.1 to 4 μm in 2 h. These programmable scaffolds can potentially be employed to build more complex nanostructures consisting of natural or unnatural nucleotides with selective docking sites along the single-stranded DNA

Comparison of demographic and clinical parameters of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽^a⁾.

<p>Comparison of demographic and clinical parameters of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153758#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>⁾.</p

Comparison of measured urine biomarkers of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽^a⁾.

<p>Comparison of measured urine biomarkers of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153758#t004fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>⁾.</p

Comparison of immunological parameters of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽^a⁾.

<p>Comparison of immunological parameters of HIV-infected participants on ART with and without albuminuria⁽<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153758#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>⁾.</p

Multivariable linear regression analysis^{(^a)} of non-classical (CD14^+/lowCD16⁺⁺) monocyte counts as a predictor of albuminuria in HIV-infected participants on ART while adjusting for risk factors (n = 96).

<p>Multivariable linear regression analysis^{(^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153758#t003fn001" target="_blank">a</a>})} of non-classical (CD14^+/lowCD16⁺⁺) monocyte counts as a predictor of albuminuria in HIV-infected participants on ART while adjusting for risk factors (n = 96).</p

Baseline characteristics of the subjects.

<p>All values reported are median [quartile1, quartile 3], except for frequency counts [n (%)].</p><p>HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.</p>a<p>By self-report, one patient with unknown HCV status.</p>b<p>One patient with missing data.</p>c<p>Based on the United States Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Guidelines (2001).</p>d<p>Nadir CD4 count based on self-report (data available from 132 subjects).</p>e<p>The sum may not necessarily add to 100% as the median percentage rather than the mean is reported.</p

Multiparametric flow cytometry phenotype gating strategy to distinguish distinct monocyte subsets from peripheral blood based on CD16 and CD14 expression.

(1) classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-), (2) intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+), (3) non-classical monocytes (CD14low/+CD16++), including (4) “transitional” monocytes (CD14dimCD16-).</p

Spearman’s correlation for 2-year coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston score progression.

<p>Spearman’s correlation for 2-year coronary artery calcium (CAC) Agatston score progression.</p

Multivariate linear regression analysis of the relative contribution of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (tPAI-1) to HOMA-IR adjusting for various HIV-associated and diabetes risk factors

<p>*statistically significant.</p

Correlation table of absolute counts of total monocytes, monocyte subsets and CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺CD8 T cells with various plasma cytokines.

<p>Values were log-transformed prior to analysis.</p><p>Pearson Correlation was utilized.</p><p>*Correlation significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).</p><p>** Correlation significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).</p