The Influence of Bicycle Oriented Facilities on Bicycle Crashes within Crash Concentrated Areas

<div><p><b>Objective:</b> This study analyzes environmental features that influence bicycle crashes within crash concentrated areas. This study particularly provides a systemic approach to analyzing major bicycle oriented facilities contributing to bicycle crashes within crash concentrated areas.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> This study applies geographic information systems (GIS) to the identification of crash concentrated areas in Riverside County, California using five years of crash data as well as the development of environment feature data inventory. Based on the data inventory, a regression method was applied to discover whether there was a correlation between the presence of bicycle facilities and the occurrence of bicycle crashes.</p><p><b>Results:</b> This study identifies that longer distance between crosswalks and bus stops are positively associated with bicyclist crashes, while structured medians contribute to the reduction of bicycle crashes. This study also suggests that parking lot entrance ways and parking lots with no physical barrier from sidewalks cause bicycle crashes on sidewalks.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> This study presents guidelines for local transportation planners to analyze the patterns of bicyclist crashes in order to improve roadway safety. This research also assists planners in effectively allocating scarce resources as they address issues of bicyclist safety.</p></div

Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclic Aminimides

Simple condensation reactions of various α,β-epoxy or α,β-aziridinyl methyl esters with 1,1-dialkyl hydrazines provided cyclic aminimides (1,1-dialkyl-3-oxopyrazolidines) with a heteroatom substituent at the 4-position in good yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly, without any coreagent, providing the product as an easily isolable precipitate. The reaction is expected to be a good candidate for combinatorial synthesis of a highly functionalized five-membered ring scaffold. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated by varying the substituents R1−R5

Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclic Aminimides

Simple condensation reactions of various α,β-epoxy or α,β-aziridinyl methyl esters with 1,1-dialkyl hydrazines provided cyclic aminimides (1,1-dialkyl-3-oxopyrazolidines) with a heteroatom substituent at the 4-position in good yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly, without any coreagent, providing the product as an easily isolable precipitate. The reaction is expected to be a good candidate for combinatorial synthesis of a highly functionalized five-membered ring scaffold. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated by varying the substituents R1−R5

Donor−Acceptor−Donor-Type Liquid Crystal with a Pyridazine Core

A new liquid crystalline material having an ethylenedioxythiophene−pyridazine−ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT−PDZ−EDOT) core with two peripheral long alkyl chains was prepared. The designated donor−acceptor−donor (D−A−D)-type core structure induced a distinct smectic liquid crystalline phase due to the strong intermolecular interaction. The photophysical property and the layer structure of the liquid crystal were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and cyclic voltammetry

Additional file 1: of Veno–veno–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock

Baseline patient characteristics. F female, M male. (DOCX 15 kb

Donor−Acceptor−Donor-Type Liquid Crystal with a Pyridazine Core

Donor−Acceptor−Donor-Type Liquid Crystal with a Pyridazine Cor

Room-Temperature Dynamics of Vanishing Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Silica

In heterogeneous catalysis, a nanoparticle (NP) system has immediate chemical surroundings with which its interaction needs to be considered, as nanoparticles are typically loaded onto certain supports. Beyond what is known about these interactions, dynamic atomic interactions between the nanoparticle and support could result from the increased energetics at the nanoscale. Here, we show that the dynamic response of atoms in copper nanoparticles to the underlying silica support at room temperature and ambient atmosphere results in the complete disappearance of supported nanoparticles over the course of only a few weeks. A quantitative study of copper nanoparticles at various size regimes (6–17 nm) revealed the significance of size-dependent nanoparticle energetics to the interaction with the support. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure is used to show that copper atoms could readily diffuse into the support to be locally surrounded by oxygen and silicon with structurally disordered outer coordination shells. Increased energetic states at the nanoscale and the energetically favorable configuration of individual copper atoms within silica, identified through EXAFS, are suggested as the cause of nanoparticle disappearance. This unexpected observation opens up new questions as to how nanoparticles interact with surrounding environments that could fundamentally change our conventional view of supported nanoparticle systems

Additional file 1 of Clinical impact of preoperative diaphragm dysfunction on early outcomes and ventilation function in lung transplant: a single-center retrospective study

Additional file 1. Supplement 1. Assessment of diaphragmatic function by ultrasonography. Supplement 2. Electrical impedance tomography measurements. Supplement 3. Diaphragm function changes at 3 months of transplantation

Structure-Sensitive CO₂ Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons on Ultrathin 5‑fold Twinned Copper Nanowires

Copper is uniquely active for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to products beyond carbon monoxide, such as methane (CH₄) and ethylene (C₂H₄). Therefore, understanding selectivity trends for CO₂ electrocatalysis on copper surfaces is critical for developing more efficient catalysts for CO₂ conversion to higher order products. Herein, we investigate the electrocatalytic activity of ultrathin (diameter ∼20 nm) 5-fold twinned copper nanowires (Cu NWs) for CO₂ reduction. These Cu NW catalysts were found to exhibit high CH₄ selectivity over other carbon products, reaching 55% Faradaic efficiency (FE) at −1.25 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode while other products were produced with less than 5% FE. This selectivity was found to be sensitive to morphological changes in the nanowire catalyst observed over the course of electrolysis. Wrapping the wires with graphene oxide was found to be a successful strategy for preserving both the morphology and reaction selectivity of the Cu NWs. These results suggest that product selectivity on Cu NWs is highly dependent on morphological features and that hydrocarbon selectivity can be manipulated by structural evolution or the prevention thereof