Pemanfaatan Teknik Kultur in Vitro Untuk Konservasi Plasma Nutfah Ubi-ubian

Except for potato, sweet potato, taro, yam, andcassava, most of tuber crops are considered as underutilizedcrops. However, tuber crops are potential as alternativecarbohydrate sources, so they can be used as food reservesto face global climate change that affects food security incertain area throughout the world, including Indonesia.Having high diversity in tuber crops germplasm, Indonesiamust be able to conserve those germplasm to ensure theiravailability in the future. In the future, without ignoring allthe probable constraints, the prospect in utilization of in vitroculture technique will be higher for improvement ofconservation and management of genetic resources in theform of active and base collections. In this paper, strategy indeveloping in vitro collection of tuber crops germplasm, i.e.slow growth technique for medium term storage andcryopreservation technique for long term storage, isdiscussed including how to analyze genetic stability of thecollections. Several national and International researchcenters dealing with research and development of in vitroconservation technique are presented

Therapy Cycling to Eliminate High-titered, Multiple Virus Infection in Vitro Pot a to Plantlets

A protocol for treatment of in vitro potato plantlets to eliminate systemic viruses was established. Efficiency decreased, however, for selected genotypes when a virus was high-titered and/or multiple viruses existed Modified nodal cutting (Mncs

Plant Regeneration of Pummelo CV. Cikoneng From Cotyledon and Epicotyl

In vitro conservation needs highly efficient micropropagation protocol. The objective of the research was to obtain an efficient and reproducible protocol for pummelo (Citrus maxima(Burm.) Merr.) micropropagation through direct shoot formation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with two factors and 20 replications. The 1stfactor was type of explant, i.e. cotyledon and epicotyl segments of Pummelo cv. Cikoneng, while the 2ndfactor was the media composition as follow (1) MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (2) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (3) MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1; (4) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1+ 1.0 mg NAA L-1; (5) MS + 2.0 mg BAP L-1+ 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 1.0 mg NAA L-1. Observation was conducted on days to shoot induction, number of explant forming shoots, shoot height, number of shoots, leaves, and roots. The results showed that adventitious shoots emerged from callus in epicotyl (6-8 WAP), but adventitious shoots could emerge directly without an intervening callus phase from cotyledon (4-5 WAP). Shoots emerged from epicotyl were weak and vitrous due to hyperhydricity, thus they can not be used for micropropagation. Cotyledons cultured in media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1or media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 1.0 mg Kinetin L-1 + 0.5 mg NAA L-1gave the highest percentage of explant forming adventitious shoot (38.8 and 26.3%), highest efficiency of shoot formation (62.5 dan 72.5%), and highest numbers of leaves (value of 1.9 leaves shoot-1) and roots (1.1 roots shoot-1) compared to other media. Since shoot height and number of leaves and root were not significantly different in both media, thus cotyledon and media MS + 1.0 mg BAP L-1 + 0.5 mg Kinetin L-1+ 0.5 mg NAA L-1which was less in Kinetin is suggested to be used for pummelo micropropagation

Keragaman Genetik dan Karakter Agronomi Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo dengan Sifat-Sifat Tipe Baru Hasil Kultur Antera

The development of new plant type of upland rice in relatively short time can be done by using anther culture technique. The technique has been recognized as a rapid and efficient technology for plant improvement. Plant materials used in this research were 320 s doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture and their 4 parents namely Fatmawati, SGJT-28, SGJT-36 and Way Rarem. Observation was conducted on plant height, number of productive tillers, days of flowering and maturity, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, percentage of unfilled grains, weight of 1000 grains and weight of grains per hill. The result showed that there were broad variations in the agronomic characters of doubled haploid lines. There were 58 upland rice lines can be obtained with new plant type characters (NPT). Several lines showed superior characters. Line P6-105, P3-134, P3-135, P3-175 had productive tiller more than that of parental, P3-160, P3-196, P6-274 had long panicle, number of grain per panicle and low percentage of unfilled grain, P3-135, P6-271, P6-274, and P6-276 had weight of grains per hill. These lines had potential as new plant type of upland rice. Length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, and weight of grains per hill had high heritability and wide genetic variability

Characterization of Doubled Haploid Derived From Anther Culture for New Type Upland Rice

Anther culture is one of tissue culture methods which can be applied to plant breeding programs in order to accelerate the process of obtaining pure lines. The successful development of rice varieties is highly dependent on genetic diversity and desirable traits. To obtain the genetic variability of doubled haploid lines through anther culture techniques, anther F1 or F2 were used as explants sources. The objectives of the study were to select and characterize doubled haploid lines of upland rice having the characters of new plant type, and to study the genetic variability and agronomic characters of tested doubled haploid lines. A total of 58 doubled haploid lines, and four parental lines i.e. Fatmawati, SGJT-28, SGJT-36, and Way Rarem were used in this study. The experiment used completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that the characters of the doubled haploid lines vary considerably. Selection of the character i.e. number of productive tillers, number of fi lled grain per panicle, and percentage of empty grain was more effective to be selected because they were well correlated to weight of grain per hill, possessed high heritability values, and have wide genetic variability. Based on productive tillers number, number of fi lled grains per panicle, fertility, weight of 1,000 grains, and weight of grains per hill, the lines of P3-26, P3-27, P3-28, P4-45, P5-50, P6-103, P6-105, P3-120, P3-134, P3-135, P3-150, P3-158, P3-248, P3-249, P6-271, P6-272, P6-274, P6-276, and P6-295 were potential for further selection for new type of upland rice

Regenerasi Tunas Dari Kalus Yang Telah Diberi Perlakuan Iradiasi Pada Padi Varietas Fatmawati [Shoot Regeneration of the Fatmawati Rice Variant Radiated Callie]

Gamma ray mutative induction for increasing genetic variation has been applied for plant prime variety engineering. The materials are derrived from seed organ, shoot and calli. Calli is a group of actively dividing cell and have not been organized to form plant. The benefit of using calli explant is that the gamma ray could directly shot to DNA in the nuclear cell in such a way that there is higher opportunity for genetic change to occur. The problema of using calli explant are the difficulties in regenerating the calli into shoots, due to the deformation as a result of radiation process. Therefore, this research is aimed at obtaining the appropriate media formulation for shoot regeneration from Fatmawati-rice calli which has been irradiated with gamma ray. The reseach was conducted in BB-Biogen laboratory consisting of three experiments, such as : (1) calli iradiation with the dosage of 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55 and 60 Gy, (2) shoot regeneration at the MS + BA (0, 1, dan 3 mg/l) + IAA (0 dan 0,8 mg/l) media, and BA (0, 1, and 3 mg/l) + zeatin ( 0; 0,1; 0,2 and 0,3 mg/l) + IAA 0,8 mg/l and (3) Shoot induction at MS + IBA (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/l) media. The result shows that the range of LD50 was obtained at the dosage of 30 Gy, the most apropriate media for shoot regeneration is MS + BA 3 mg/l + IAA 0,8 + zeatin 0,1 mg/l and media for root induction is IBA 1 mg/l