sj-m-2-sci-10.1177_00368504211026111 – Supplemental material for Integrated neural network model with pre-RBF kernels

Supplemental material, sj-m-2-sci-10.1177_00368504211026111 for Integrated neural network model with pre-RBF kernels by Hui Wen, Tao Yan, Zhiqiang Liu and Deli Chen in Science Progress</p

sj-m-1-sci-10.1177_00368504211026111 – Supplemental material for Integrated neural network model with pre-RBF kernels

Supplemental material, sj-m-1-sci-10.1177_00368504211026111 for Integrated neural network model with pre-RBF kernels by Hui Wen, Tao Yan, Zhiqiang Liu and Deli Chen in Science Progress</p

Degradation of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate in Soils: Indication of Chemical Pathways

Nitrogen fertilizers amended with nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are used to increase nitrogen use efficiencies in agricultural systems. 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) is the most successful commercial NI to date but has a highly variable efficacy. To explore whether degradation could contribute to its inconsistent performance, incubation studies were performed with DMPP and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole glycolate (DMPG) in two alkaline clay soils that were treated with the fertilizer ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). Analysis of the soil extracts revealed a qualitative correlation between the amount of NI present in the soil and inhibition efficiency as well as several degradation products resulting from the oxidation of a methyl side chain and dimerization. A similar outcome was obtained for the degradation in sterilized soil and in accelerated weathering studies in the absence of soil. Our data suggest that chemical and not microbiological pathways are primarily responsible for the degradation of this inhibitor, which could potentially be initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from both biotic and abiotic processes in soils

The Contribution and Mitigation Potential of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions from Industrial Parks in China Cannot Be Ignored

Industrial parks (IPs) in China play a crucial role in facilitating industrialization and urbanization, but their reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions have received little attention. Effective Nr emission management requires a detailed inventory of pollutants. Here, we collected Nr emission data from 1,333 IPs in China. These IPs contribute to 33% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 21% of the total Nr emissions across China. Different types of IPs exhibit different characteristics of Nr emissions, of which IPs in the chemical industry are hotspots for Nr emissions. From the perspective of Nr emission intensity (GDP-based), the industrial symbiosis of IPs can effectively reduce the emission intensity, especially in high-tech, machinery and equipment industries, where their reductions are more significant. If the full coverage of pollutant treatment facilities (including wastewater, flue gas, and industrial solid waste) is implemented in these 1,333 IPs, it is estimated that Nr emissions could be reduced by 1,884 Gg N yr–1. These findings could provide an option for China to address the Nr cascade and provide a solid foundation for the sustainable development of IPs

The Contribution and Mitigation Potential of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions from Industrial Parks in China Cannot Be Ignored

Industrial parks (IPs) in China play a crucial role in facilitating industrialization and urbanization, but their reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions have received little attention. Effective Nr emission management requires a detailed inventory of pollutants. Here, we collected Nr emission data from 1,333 IPs in China. These IPs contribute to 33% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 21% of the total Nr emissions across China. Different types of IPs exhibit different characteristics of Nr emissions, of which IPs in the chemical industry are hotspots for Nr emissions. From the perspective of Nr emission intensity (GDP-based), the industrial symbiosis of IPs can effectively reduce the emission intensity, especially in high-tech, machinery and equipment industries, where their reductions are more significant. If the full coverage of pollutant treatment facilities (including wastewater, flue gas, and industrial solid waste) is implemented in these 1,333 IPs, it is estimated that Nr emissions could be reduced by 1,884 Gg N yr–1. These findings could provide an option for China to address the Nr cascade and provide a solid foundation for the sustainable development of IPs

Dry Climate Aggravates Riverine Nitrogen Pollution in Australia by Water Volume Reduction

Freshwater is a scarce resource, and maintaining water quality is of great importance in dryland Australia. How water quality is affected by the dry climate and socio-economic influences in Australia remains widely unknown. Here, we find that agriculture activity dominates reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions to water bodies. Such emissions not only contribute to deteriorating water quality in Southeastern Australia but also harm marine ecosystems, including the Great Barrier Reef, a World Natural Heritage site. A dry and warm climate reduces the share of Nr emitted directly to water bodies; however, it increases the Nr concentration in surface water due to reduced water volume, leading to a 3-fold higher water Nr concentration compared to major rivers globally, e.g., in the US or China. Business-as-usual socioeconomic development would increase the total Nr emitted to surface water by at least 43% by 2050, while effective mitigation measures could reduce N runoff by about 27%. Advanced agricultural management strategies should be considered to reduce future environmental pressures due to N runoff in Australia

Rapid sulfonation of lignite for cadmium removal in wastewater and subsequent recycle into photocatalysts

Abstract Addressing global warming requires fundamental solutions to reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate its environmental impact. This study explores the potential of lignite, a low-energy coal, for novel applications beyond its conventional use as a fuel source. It aims to improve lignite’s capacity to adsorb cadmium (Cd) from wastewater through sulfonation and subsequently utilize the spent adsorbents for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Treatment of lignite at 150 °C for 30 min with a 1:10 ratio of lignite to H2SO4 significantly enhanced its Cd adsorption capacity to 206.51% of the original. Porosity characterization and functional group analyses demonstrated significant alterations in pore structure, surface area, and the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups, emphasizing the efficiency of the sulfonation process. Key adsorption mechanisms, including complexation and cation exchange, were pivotal in augmenting Cd adsorption. The Cd-enriched adsorbents were then transformed into lignite-based CdS photocatalysts, achieving a maximum degradation rate of 83.65% and retaining 82.33% of the original efficiency in degrading MB after three cycles. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) studies indicated that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were the dominant reactive oxygen species in the degradation mechanism. These findings propose key strategies for repurposing lignite in environmental remediation efforts, contributing to resource sustainability and enhancing the economic efficiency of treatment processes. Graphical Abstrac

Catalytic oxidation of lignite by Pt/TiO2 can enhance cadmium adsorption capacity

Catalytic oxidation of lignite by Pt/TiO2 can enhance cadmium adsorption capacit

Immobilization of Oxygen Atoms in the Pores of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for C₂H₂ Separation and Purification

The development of porous metal–organic framework (MOF) solids displaying efficient separation and purification of acetylene is of cardinal significance but challenging in the chemical industry. Among the reported MOFs for such a purpose, there usually exists an issue associated with trade-off between the uptake capacity and adsorption selectivity. In this work, we employed an N-oxide-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand to successfully construct under suitable solvothermal conditions a dicopper paddlewheel-based MOF featuring two different types of nanocages and rich open oxygen atoms on the channel surface. These structural features endow the material with the promising potential for C2H2 recovery from CO2 and CH4 at ambient conditions with impressive adsorption selectivity of C2H2 over CO2 and CH4 as well as considerable C2H2 capture capacity, which have been validated by isotherm measurements, ideal adsorbed solution theory calculations, and breakthrough experiments. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies revealed the vital role that the oxygen atoms coming from both N-oxide moieties and carboxylate groups play in selectively recognizing C2H2 over CO2 and CH4

Immobilization of Oxygen Atoms in the Pores of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for C₂H₂ Separation and Purification

The development of porous metal–organic framework (MOF) solids displaying efficient separation and purification of acetylene is of cardinal significance but challenging in the chemical industry. Among the reported MOFs for such a purpose, there usually exists an issue associated with trade-off between the uptake capacity and adsorption selectivity. In this work, we employed an N-oxide-functionalized dicarboxylate ligand to successfully construct under suitable solvothermal conditions a dicopper paddlewheel-based MOF featuring two different types of nanocages and rich open oxygen atoms on the channel surface. These structural features endow the material with the promising potential for C2H2 recovery from CO2 and CH4 at ambient conditions with impressive adsorption selectivity of C2H2 over CO2 and CH4 as well as considerable C2H2 capture capacity, which have been validated by isotherm measurements, ideal adsorbed solution theory calculations, and breakthrough experiments. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies revealed the vital role that the oxygen atoms coming from both N-oxide moieties and carboxylate groups play in selectively recognizing C2H2 over CO2 and CH4