Dhamma, Buddhism & Ashoka : An Analytical Study

King Ashoka was the greatest emperor of the Mauryan dynasty. He was great protection of Buddhism, art and architecture. This article is about to cover the life of King Ashoka, how he follows and spreads the teachings of Buddhism and dhamma. There were many great emperors in Indian history who inscribed their names in the golden letters of history and Ashoka was one of those rulers. Many writers have analyzed the life and career of King Ashoka but this article tries to analyze how he (Ashoka) started his career and achieved success. It also emphasizes the law of King Ashoka and the protection of art and architecture in his area. This article also seeks to discuss the protection of King Ashoka’s Buddhism. He sent his own son and girl to Srilanka to spread Buddhism

Impact Of Cyber Crime On The Society During Lockdown Period

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of cyber-crime on the society during the period of lockdown. The concept of cyber-crime and the new hacks to extract money from the citizens and how it has impacted the common people at large is explored. The result from this study shows that computer and internet is a potent platform for the criminals and how it has impacted the lives of the people in a negative way. The discussions are made from the findings and the paper addresses how the internet and computer can be utilised properly in a safe and secured way adopting various precautions and measures to secure the usage and on the other hand increasing the awareness on how not to be trapped in any kind of web by criminals in the cyber world

Influence of Buddhism On Feminism in the Modern Society

The woman has overcome many problems, obstacles, and barriers to become an important member of society. In the past, women had no rights at all; they were isolated, neglected, and abused by men. With the emergence of feminism, the profile and image of women have changed completely and from a doll in the hands of a man, she has become a queen, president, artist, and teacher. This article examines the wishes, dreams, and ability of women to change their position in society not only as daughters, wives, or mothers but as normal citizens with regular rights and duties. Feminist efforts have been effective in many ways and have brought about a tremendous change in the position and role of women. They succeeded in removing the majority, if not all stereotypical images and giving them more importance in society by giving it political, social, and economic rights

Advances, recognition, and interpretation of molecular heterogeneity among conventional and subtype histology of urothelial carcinoma (UC): a survey among urologic pathologists and comprehensive review of the literature

AIMS: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) demonstrates significant molecular and histologic heterogeneity. The WHO 2022 classification has hinted at adding molecular signatures to the morphologic diagnosis. As morphology and associated molecular repertoire may potentially translate to choices of and response to therapy and relapse rate, broader acceptability of recognizing these key features among uropathologists is needed. This prompted an international survey to ascertain the practice patterns in classical/subtype UC among uropathologists across the globe. METHODS AND RESULTS: A survey instrument was shared among 98 uropathologists using SurveyMonkey software. Anonymized respondent data were analysed. The response rate was 85%. A majority were in concordance with the profiles of luminal (93%) and basal (82%) types. Opinion on the FGFR3 testing platform was variable. While 95% concurred that TERT promoter mutation is the key driver in UC, 72% had the opinion that APOBEC mutagenesis is the main signature in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Uropathologists have divergent opinions on MIBC and ERCC2 mutations. Among the participants, 94% would quantify aggressive micropapillary and sarcomatoid histology, while 88% would reevaluate another transurethral resection of the bladder tumour specimen in nonmuscle invasive tumour with micropapillary, small cell, or sarcomatoid histology. A leading number agreed to specific molecular signatures of micropapillary (93%), plasmacytoid (97%), and small cell (86%) subtypes. Ninety-six percent of participants agreed that a small-cell component portends a more aggressive course and should be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 63% would perform HER2/neu testing only on oncologist\u27s request in advanced tumours. Ninety percent agreed that microsatellite instability testing, although not a standard protocol, should be considered in young patients with upper tract UC. Eighty-six percent agreed that UC with high tumour mutational burden would be a better candidate for immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: In the era of precision medicine, enhanced understanding of molecular heterogeneity of UC will contribute to better therapeutic options, novel biomarker discovery, innovative management protocols, and outcomes. Our survey provides a broad perspective of pathologists\u27 perceptions and experience regarding incorporation of histomolecular approaches to personalize therapy. Due to variable clinical adoption, there is a need for additional data using uniform study criteria. This will drive generation of best practice guidelines in this area for widespread and consistent clinical utility

Advances, recognition, and interpretation of molecular heterogeneity among conventional and subtype histology of urothelial carcinoma (UC): a survey among urologic pathologists and comprehensive review of the literature

Aims Urothelial carcinoma (UC) demonstrates significant molecular and histologic heterogeneity. The WHO 2022 classification has hinted at adding molecular signatures to the morphologic diagnosis. As morphology and associated molecular repertoire may potentially translate to choices of and response to therapy and relapse rate, broader acceptability of recognizing these key features among uropathologists is needed. This prompted an international survey to ascertain the practice patterns in classical/subtype UC among uropathologists across the globe. Methods and Results A survey instrument was shared among 98 uropathologists using SurveyMonkey software. Anonymized respondent data were analysed. The response rate was 85%. A majority were in concordance with the profiles of luminal (93%) and basal (82%) types. Opinion on the FGFR3 testing platform was variable. While 95% concurred that TERT promoter mutation is the key driver in UC, 72% had the opinion that APOBEC mutagenesis is the main signature in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Uropathologists have divergent opinions on MIBC and ERCC2 mutations. Among the participants, 94% would quantify aggressive micropapillary and sarcomatoid histology, while 88% would reevaluate another transurethral resection of the bladder tumour specimen in nonmuscle invasive tumour with micropapillary, small cell, or sarcomatoid histology. A leading number agreed to specific molecular signatures of micropapillary (93%), plasmacytoid (97%), and small cell (86%) subtypes. Ninety‐six percent of participants agreed that a small‐cell component portends a more aggressive course and should be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 63% would perform HER2/neu testing only on oncologist's request in advanced tumours. Ninety percent agreed that microsatellite instability testing, although not a standard protocol, should be considered in young patients with upper tract UC. Eighty‐six percent agreed that UC with high tumour mutational burden would be a better candidate for immunotherapy. Conclusion In the era of precision medicine, enhanced understanding of molecular heterogeneity of UC will contribute to better therapeutic options, novel biomarker discovery, innovative management protocols, and outcomes. Our survey provides a broad perspective of pathologists' perceptions and experience regarding incorporation of histomolecular approaches to “personalize” therapy. Due to variable clinical adoption, there is a need for additional data using uniform study criteria. This will drive generation of best practice guidelines in this area for widespread and consistent clinical utility