The changes in the tissue EGF expression due to acute gastric ulceration of mice and its regulation by PK and Omez on the 3day of ulceration

The EGF immunostaining was carried out using the peroxidase conjugate. Original magnification × 400. – normal mice, – ulcerated untreated mice, – ulcerated PK-treated mice, – ulcerated Omez-treated mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

The time course of stomach ulceration and its prevention by different doses of PK

Stomach ulceration in mice was induced by oral administration of indomethacin (18 mg/kg body weight). Different doses of PK were used for the experiments. The ulcer indices were measured on different days 4 h after the last dose of PK and the values are mean ± S.E.M. (n = 15). < 0.01, < 0.001 compared to 1day ulcerated untreated mice; < 0.01, < 0.001 compared to the group III mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

Comparative time dependent activity of PK and Omez in regulating the expression of tissue COX-1 isoform in acute gastric ulcerated mice

The COX-1 expression was quantified using Biovis MV500 software. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for fifteen mice. < 0.05, < 0.01 compared to normal mice, < 0.05 compared to the respective ulcerated mice, < 0.05 compared to the Omez-treated mice. N – normal mice, UU – ulcerated untreated mice, PK – ulcerated PK-treated mice, Omez – ulcerated Omez-treated mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

Comparative time dependent activity of PK and Omez in regulating the expression of tissue EGF in acute gastric ulcerated mice

The EGF expression was quantified using Biovis MV500 software. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for fifteen mice. < 0.001 compared to the normal mice; < 0.001 compared to the respective ulcerated mice, < 0.01 compared to the Omez-treated mice. N – normal mice, UU – ulcerated untreated mice, PK – ulcerated PK-treated mice, Omez – ulcerated Omez-treated mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

Comparative time dependent activity of PK and Omez in regulating the expression of tissue VEGF in acute gastric ulcerated mice

The EGF expression was quantified using Biovis MV500 software. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for fifteen mice. < 0.01 compared to normal mice, < 0.01 compared to the respective ulcerated mice, < 0.01 compared to the Omez-treated mice. N – normal mice, UU – ulcerated untreated mice, PK – ulcerated PK-treated mice, Omez – ulcerated Omez-treated mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

Comparative time dependent activity of PK and Omez in regulating the expression of tissue COX-2 isoform in acute gastric ulcerated mice

The COX-2 expression was quantified using Biovis MV500 software. Data are expressed as means ± SEM for fifteen mice. < 0.01 compared to normal mice, < 0.05 compared to the respective ulcerated mice, < 0.05 compared to the Omez-treated mice. N – normal mice, UU – ulcerated untreated mice, PK – ulcerated PK-treated mice, Omez – ulcerated Omez-treated mice.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Healing Potential of (Scrofulariaceae) rhizomes against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration: a mechanistic exploration."</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/8/3</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8():3-3.</p><p>Published online 31 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2266895.</p><p></p

Increased variability in mucus layer thickness during clearance.

<p>A: The variation in thickness (i.e. the range, as measured with a micropipette in tissue explants) within each sample was altered at the different time points of infection (p<0.05, ANOVA F-test). B: Muc2 (green) stained distal colon of a non-infected C57BL/6 mouse. The inner, highly organized Muc2 layer is indicated by the white bar. C: The section from panel B stained with DAPI. The inner mucus layer is visible as a non-stained black band. D: Muc2 stained distal colon of a mouse infected for 19 days with <i>C. rodentium</i>. The striated adherent inner Muc2 layer is indicated by white bars; one bar has been placed in an area where the inner mucus layer appears thin, and the other one in an area where it is thick. E: The section from panel D stained with DAPI. F: Muc2 stained distal colon of another mouse infected for 19 days with <i>C. rodentium</i>. The adherent Muc2 layer is disorganized. G: The section from panel F stained with DAPI. Sloughed off cells are visible within the inner mucus layer.</p

The response to forskolin and carbachol is altered during infection in distal colon explants studied in Ussing chambers.

<p>Changes in Im (A and C) and Rp (B and D) in response to forskolin (A–B) and carbachol (C–D) in distal colonic tissue during <i>C. rodentium</i> infection. Statistical analysis was performed on log transformed data: ANOVA Tukey’s post hoc test: p<0.05 #,*, p<0.01 ##,**p<0.001 ###,***, # vs day 19, * vs day 0).</p

Change in membrane current (ΔIm) after stimulation with forskolin and carbachol with and without pre-treatment with the CFTR inhibitor GlyH-101.

<p>(mean±SEM, n = 6). As the Caco-2 cells did not respond to carbachol, the ability of GlyH-101 to inhibit the response was not analyzed in this cell line.</p

Quantification of total mucus as determined by Alcian blue/PAS stain in the distal colon.

<p>The percentage of the lumen (A) surface epithelium (B), mid-crypt (C) and bottom of the crypt (D) that was Alcian blue/PAS positive was calculated using the Image J image analysis program, n = 7–12, statistics: ANOVA, p<0.05, # vs day 0, & vs day 14, * vs day 19.</p