Valence-State Controllable Fabrication of Cu_2–<i>x</i>O/Si Type-II Heterojunction for High-Performance Photodetectors

Cuprite, nominally cuprous oxide (Cu2O) but more correctly Cu2–xO, is widely used in optoelectronic applications because of its natural p-type, nontoxicity, and abundant availability. However, the photoresponsivity of Cu2O/Si photodetectors (PDs) has been limited by the lack of high-quality Cu2–xO films. Herein, we report a facile room-temperature solution method to prepare high-quality Cu2–xO films with controllable x value which were used as hole selective transport layers in crystalline n-type silicon-based heterojunction PDs. The detection performance of Cu2–xO/Si PDs exhibits a remarkable improvement via reducing the x value, resulting in the optimized PDs with high responsivity of 417 mA W–1 and fast response speed of 1.3 μs. Furthermore, the performance of the heterojunction PDs can be further improved by designing the pyramidal silicon structure, with enhanced responsivity of 600 mA W–1 and response speed of 600 ns. The superior photodetecting performance of Cu2–xO/n-Si heterojunctions is attributed to (i) the matched energy level band alignment, (ii) the low trap states in high-quality Cu2O thin films, and (iii) the excellent light trapping. We expect that the low-cost, highly efficient solution process would be of great convenience for large-scale fabrication of the Cu2–xO thin films and broaden the applications of Cu2–xO-based optoelectronic devices

sj-pdf-1-vas-10.1177_17085381211053492 – Supplemental Material for Socioeconomic characteristics of those with peripheral artery disease in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-vas-10.1177_17085381211053492 for Socioeconomic characteristics of those with peripheral artery disease in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort by Jordan B Stoecker, Jordana B Cohen, Nathan Belkin, Jing C Chen, Raymond R Townsend, Dawei Xie and Grace J Wang in Vascular</p

Lifetime risk of any CKD, by baseline BMI category and age.

The difference in lifetime risk of any CKD between persons age 50–64 with obesity and normal weight was statistically significant at the 1% level. No other differences were statistically significant. Abbreviations: CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease, BMI = Body Mass Index.</p

Lifetime risk of CKD, by baseline BMI category and highest CKD stage attained.

The difference in lifetime risk or any CKD between persons with obesity and normal weight was statistically significant at the 1% level. No other differences were statistically significant. Abbreviations: CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease, BMI = Body Mass Index.</p

Model parameters for relative risks related to obesity and annual change in BMI.

Model parameters for relative risks related to obesity and annual change in BMI.</p

One-way sensitivity analysis of +/- 25% changes in key parameters on the difference in lifetime risk of any stage CKD between persons with obesity and persons with normal weight.

In the main analysis, the difference in lifetime risk between persons with normal weight and obesity was 8.5%. Bars to the left of this value in the figure show the change in results if parameters are decreased by 25% and bars to the right of this value show the change in results if the parameters are increased by 25%. Abbreviations: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.</p

Baseline characteristics of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study Analytic sample.

Baseline characteristics of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study Analytic sample.</p

Model parameters for annual change in eGFR based on person characteristics and conditions and baseline eGFR.

Model parameters for annual change in eGFR based on person characteristics and conditions and baseline eGFR.</p

Additional file 1 of Nuclear respiratory factor 1 drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating LPCAT1-ERK1/2-CREB axis

Additional file 1 Figure S1. (A) Quantitative results of the protein levels after NRF1 expression manipulation. Related to Figure 2B. (B-E) The effect of NRF1 on mitochondrial function was analyzed through ATP level, glucose uptake, lactate secretion and NAD+/NADH ratio. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

APOL1 Risk Variants, Race, and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

Background Among patients in the United States with chronic kidney disease, black patients are at increased risk for end-stage renal disease, as compared with white patients. Methods In two studies, we examined the effects of variants in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) on the progression of chronic kidney disease. In the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), we evaluated 693 black patients with chronic kidney disease attributed to hypertension. In the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study, we evaluated 2955 white patients and black patients with chronic kidney disease (46% of whom had diabetes) according to whether they had 2 copies of high-risk APOL1 variants (APOL1 high-risk group) or 0 or 1 copy (APOL1 low-risk group). In the AASK study, the primary outcome was a composite of end-stage renal disease or a doubling of the serum creatinine level. In the CRIC study, the primary outcomes were the slope in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of end-stage renal disease or a reduction of 50% in the eGFR from baseline. Results In the AASK study, the primary outcome occurred in 58.1% of the patients in the APOL1 high-risk group and in 36.6% of those in the APOL1 low-risk group (hazard ratio in the high-risk group, 1.88; P<0.001). There was no interaction between APOL1 status and trial interventions or the presence of baseline proteinuria. In the CRIC study, black patients in the APOL1 high-risk group had a more rapid decline in the eGFR and a higher risk of the composite renal outcome than did white patients, among those with diabetes and those without diabetes (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusions Renal risk variants in APOL1 were associated with the higher rates of end-stage renal disease and progression of chronic kidney disease that were observed in black patients as compared with white patients, regardless of diabetes status. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others.