牛山英治が編纂した山岡鉄舟の伝記について

Table S8. Comparison of GD in different studies. MICN is an abbreviation of Modified introduction in China; TS is an abbreviation of Tropical/Subtropical; SS is an abbreviation of Stiff Stalk; NSS is an abbreviation of non-Stiff Stalk; HZS is an abbreviation of Huangzaosi. (XLSX 11 kb

Coarsening rate of microstructure in semi-solid aluminium alloys

In semi-solid metal processing, the temperature is between the solidus and the liquidus. To behave thixotropically, the microstructure must be non-dendritic and consist of spheroids of solid in a liquid matrix. Recrystallisation and Partial melting (RAP) and the cooling slope (CS) are two potential routes to suitable non-dendritic starting material. Here the rate of microstructural coarsening of such materials in the semi-solid state is compared with rates found in the literature. The rate of coarsening depends on the liquid fraction but RAP route 2014 alloy with 37% liquid coarsens slightly more slowly than the CS route 2014 alloy with a lower liquid fraction of 17%, contrary to expectations. For the CS route, an increase in liquid fraction resulted in faster coarsening. A modified 2014 alloy with the Fe, Mn and Zn stripped out of the composition gave a relatively high coarsening rate. The coarsening rate was also relatively high for CS 201 alloy in comparison with either RAP 2014 or CS 2014. Low coarsening rates are thought to be associated with the presence of particles which are inhibiting the migration of liquid film grain boundaries. This could be the result of pinning or of the liquid film impeding diffusion at the boundary

pH-, Sugar-, and Temperature-Sensitive Electrochemical Switch Amplified by Enzymatic Reaction and Controlled by Logic Gates Based on Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Phenylboronic acid (PBA) moieties are grafted onto the backbone of poly­(acrylic acid) (PAA), forming the PAA-PBA polyelectrolyte. The semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) films composed of PAA-PBA and poly­(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) were then synthesized on electrode surface with entrapped horseradish peroxidase (HRP), designated as PDEA-(PAA-PBA)-HRP. The films demonstrated reversible pH-, fructose-, and thermo-responsive on–off behavior toward electroactive probe K₃Fe­(CN)₆ in its cyclic voltammetric (CV) response. This multiswitchable CV behavior of the system could be further employed to control and modulate the electrochemical reduction of H₂O₂ catalyzed by HRP immobilized in the films with K₃Fe­(CN)₆ as the mediator in solution. The responsive mechanism of the system was also explored and discussed. The pH-sensitive property was attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the PAA component of the films and the probe at different pH; the thermo-responsive behavior originated from the structure change of PDEA hydrogel component of the films with temperature; the fructose-sensitive property was ascribed to the structure change of the films induced by the complexation between the PBA constituent and the sugar. This smart system could be used as a 3-input logic network composed of enabled OR (EnOR) gates in chemical or biomolecular computing by combining the multiresponsive property of the films and the amplification effect of bioelectrocatalysis and demonstrated the potential perspective for fabricating novel multiswitchable electrochemical biosensors and bioelectronic devices

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Alluaudite Na_1.702Fe₃(PO₄)₃ as a Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode

Sodium-ion batteries hold promise as an enabling technology for large-scale energy storage that is safer, less expensive, and lower environmentally impactful than their equivalent lithium-ion batteries. Reported herein is the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties of a promising sodium-ion battery cathode material, an alluaudite phase of Na_1.702Fe₃(PO₄)₃. After ball milling and carbon coating, this material exhibits a reversible capacity of ∼140 mAh/g with good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. This alluaudite compound and its method of preparation is a promising cathode for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable

Microscopic Mechanism of the Helix-to-Layer Transformation in Elemental Group VI Solids

We study the conversion of bulk Se and Te, consisting of intertwined <i>a</i> helices, to structurally very dissimilar, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layers of these elements. Our <i>ab initio</i> calculations reveal that previously unknown and unusually stable δ and η 2D allotropes may form in an intriguing multistep process that involves a concerted motion of many atoms at dislocation defects. We identify such a complex reaction path involving zipper-like motion of such dislocations that initiate structural changes. With low activation barriers ≲0.3 eV along the optimum path, the conversion process may occur at moderate temperatures. We find all one-dimensional (1D) and 2D chalcogen structures to be semiconducting

Microscopic Mechanism of the Helix-to-Layer Transformation in Elemental Group VI Solids

We study the conversion of bulk Se and Te, consisting of intertwined <i>a</i> helices, to structurally very dissimilar, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layers of these elements. Our <i>ab initio</i> calculations reveal that previously unknown and unusually stable δ and η 2D allotropes may form in an intriguing multistep process that involves a concerted motion of many atoms at dislocation defects. We identify such a complex reaction path involving zipper-like motion of such dislocations that initiate structural changes. With low activation barriers ≲0.3 eV along the optimum path, the conversion process may occur at moderate temperatures. We find all one-dimensional (1D) and 2D chalcogen structures to be semiconducting

Microscopic Mechanism of the Helix-to-Layer Transformation in Elemental Group VI Solids

We study the conversion of bulk Se and Te, consisting of intertwined <i>a</i> helices, to structurally very dissimilar, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layers of these elements. Our <i>ab initio</i> calculations reveal that previously unknown and unusually stable δ and η 2D allotropes may form in an intriguing multistep process that involves a concerted motion of many atoms at dislocation defects. We identify such a complex reaction path involving zipper-like motion of such dislocations that initiate structural changes. With low activation barriers ≲0.3 eV along the optimum path, the conversion process may occur at moderate temperatures. We find all one-dimensional (1D) and 2D chalcogen structures to be semiconducting

Bimetallic Mn-Ce loaded on different zeolite carriers applied in the toluene abatement in air by non–thermal plasma DDBD Reactor

A sequence of zeolite carriers (Carrier = ZSM-5, Small crystal ZSM-5, MCM-41, SBA-15) were used to support active metals Mn-Ce, which have presented an enormous potential for plasma oxidation of toluene in air. The prepared samples were detected by means of N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, XPS, H2-TPR, etc. Through the activity evaluation in the Non-thermal Plasma Reactor, we found that the catalysts with different carriers showed distinct degradation activities. The performance of mesoporous supported catalysts was better than that of microporous catalysts, of which MCM-41 performed best. 96.3% of toluene can be decomposed, and 97.3% of degraded toluene converted into final products CO2 completely at the initial concentration of 1000 ppm and SIE of 9 kJ/L. From the results, we can see that the appropriate carrier is conducive to maximizing the efficiency of the active metal, and Mn-Ce/MCM-41 got the best performance in the plasma catalysis for toluene abatement.</p

Average scores for each dimension of the DE in 31 provinces, 2011–2020.

Average scores for each dimension of the DE in 31 provinces, 2011–2020.</p