MOESM1 of Engineering a natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain for ethanol production from inulin by consolidated bioprocessing

Additional file 1: Table S1. The content of hexose in inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tuber powder (JAP). Fig. S1. Cell morphology and sporulation observed by optical microscopy. Fig. S2. Data on ethanol fermentation from inulin. Fig. S3. Codon-optimized sequences of the endo-inulinase gene in Penicillium sp. TN-88. Fig. S4. DNA cassettes used for transformation of S. cerevisia

Gene diversity (SE) for each locus in each population.

<p>Gene diversity (SE) for each locus in each population.</p

Comparison between molecular (<i>F</i>_<i>SR</i>) and quantitative genetic (<i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i>) divergence within each region (*, significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i> based on non-overlapping confidence intervals; NS, non-significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i>; <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i> of the northern region was not significantly different from that of the southern region, <i>P</i> = 0.458).

<p>Comparison between molecular (<i>F</i>_<i>SR</i>) and quantitative genetic (<i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i>) divergence within each region (*, significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i> based on non-overlapping confidence intervals; NS, non-significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>SR</i> and <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i>; <i>F</i>_<i>SR</i> of the northern region was not significantly different from that of the southern region, <i>P</i> = 0.458).</p

Differentiation (<i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> ±SE) between northern and southern populations for different quantitative traits [the dotted line represents <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> (±SE) between the two populations based on allelic variation in microsatellite loci; *, <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> significantly higher than <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>; DT1-DT4, the developmental time of 1^st to 4^th instar nymphs; DT5, the total developmental time of nymphs; <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i>, the index of quantitative variation based on life-history traits; <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>, the index of molecular variation derived from microsatellite markers].

<p>Differentiation (<i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> ±SE) between northern and southern populations for different quantitative traits [the dotted line represents <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> (±SE) between the two populations based on allelic variation in microsatellite loci; *, <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> significantly higher than <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>; DT1-DT4, the developmental time of 1^st to 4^th instar nymphs; DT5, the total developmental time of nymphs; <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i>, the index of quantitative variation based on life-history traits; <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>, the index of molecular variation derived from microsatellite markers].</p

Enhancement of Activity of Activated Carbon Fiber for Electro-Fenton Process by Loading it with SiO₂ having Tunable Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Moieties

Electro-Fenton (EF) process is promising for achieving satisfactory oxidation of organic contaminants. However, the sluggish kinetics of in situ production of H2O2 and slow rate of Fe2+ regeneration remain its limitations. In this work, SiO2 with tunable methyl and hydroxyl moieties on the surface (MxOHSiO2; x denotes the mass ratio of diethoxydimethylsilane to tetraethyl orthosilicate) was successfully loaded onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) to construct an ACF-supported cathode (MxOHSiO2/ACF) for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The MxOHSiO2/ACF exhibited substantially higher activity than bare ACF in the EF process. The removal of BPA proceeded most rapidly with M0.75OHSiO2/ACF with an initial pH of 3.0, an electrolyzing voltage of 20 V, and an Fe2+ dosage of 0.5 mM. The mineralization efficiency was 79.3% after 360 min, with the complete disappearance of BPA recorded at 60 min during the EF process. In addition, the M0.75OHSiO2/ACF catalytic electrode remained stable for five successive cycling tests. Because of the synergistic effect of the hydrophobic methyl moiety and electron-rich hydroxyl moiety on SiO2, the H2O2 electro-generation and Fe2+ regeneration at M0.75OHSiO2/ACF were simultaneously improved. This work provides an effective strategy for the application of EF technology in future

<b>Proteomic study of nintedanib in gastric cancer cells</b>

Nintedanib inhibits proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer cells</p

Plot of PC1 versus PC2 from principal component analysis of life-history traits (upper panel) and microsatellite loci (lower panel) as variables (northern populations: Fuping, FP; Luochuan, LC; Tongchuan, TC; southern populations: Jinshui, JS; Longting, LT; Mianxian, MX).

<p>Plot of PC1 versus PC2 from principal component analysis of life-history traits (upper panel) and microsatellite loci (lower panel) as variables (northern populations: Fuping, FP; Luochuan, LC; Tongchuan, TC; southern populations: Jinshui, JS; Longting, LT; Mianxian, MX).</p

Comparison of within-region molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation between northern and southern regions.

<p>Note: The genetic variance (δ²_clone), the coefficient of genetic variance (<i>CV</i>_<i>G</i>) and the broad sense heritability (<i>H</i>^<i>2</i>) were measured for each region and over all quantitative traits; allelic richness (<i>R</i>_<i>S</i>), observed heterozygosity (<i>Ho</i>), and inbreeding coefficient (<i>F</i>_<i>IS</i>) were estimated for each region and over all loci, and significance tests were performed between northern and southern regions by randomization procedures using FSTAT software.</p><p>Comparison of within-region molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation between northern and southern regions.</p

Pairwise <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> calculated from a composite life-history trait (below the diagonal) and <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> (above the diagonal) estimates based on seven microsatellite loci for <i>Sitobion avenae</i> populations (the composite life-history trait obtained from PC1 of PCA analysis of all tested life-history traits; *, significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> and corresponding <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>).

<p>Pairwise <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> calculated from a composite life-history trait (below the diagonal) and <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> (above the diagonal) estimates based on seven microsatellite loci for <i>Sitobion avenae</i> populations (the composite life-history trait obtained from PC1 of PCA analysis of all tested life-history traits; *, significant differences between <i>Q</i>_<i>ST</i> and corresponding <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>).</p

Genetic correlations between life-history traits for northern (above the diagonal) and southern (below the diagonal) populations of <i>Sitobion avenae</i>.

<p>Note: DT1-DT4, the developmental time of 1^st to 4^th instar nymphs; DT5, the total developmental time of nymphs; FEC, lifetime fecundity; POS, post-reproductive time; SPA, adult lifespan; RET, reproductive time; statistical significance of genetic correlations evaluated using likelihood-ratio tests;</p><p>*, <i>P</i> < 0.05;</p><p>**, <i>P</i> < 0.01;</p><p>***, <i>P</i> < 0.001.</p><p>Genetic correlations between life-history traits for northern (above the diagonal) and southern (below the diagonal) populations of <i>Sitobion avenae</i>.</p