Het tijdskrediet eindeloopbaan : verlengt het de beroepsloopbaan?

In deze studie onderzoeken we hoe deeltijds werk gekoppeld aan tijdskrediet in de private sector de kans beïnvloedt om op het einde van de loopbaan aan het werk te blijven . We houden rekening met selecte deelname aan het tijdskrediet door te controleren voor een uitgebreide set van individuele kenmerken en indicatoren van de volledige arbeidsgeschiedenis van werknemers. We vinden dat het tijdskrediet de kans om aan het werk te blijven gedurende de eerste twee (vier) jaar significant verhoogt. Wanneer de begunstigden van het tijdskrediet recht krijgen op een vervroegd pensioen, keert dit positieve effect echter en treden de begunstigden vroeger uit de arbeidsmarkt dan wanneer ze geen tijdskrediet hadden opgenomen. Deze resultaten suggereren dat het tijdskrediet initieel de balans tussen werk en vrije tijd herstelt, maar dat het uiteindelijk de hechting met de arbeidsmarkt doet verliezen. Deeltijds gaan werken op het einde van de loopbaan verlaagt ook licht de kans op ziekteverzuim, maar dit effect is statistisch niet significant verschillend van nul. Een kosten-baten analyse geeft aan dat de maatschappelijke kosten over het algemeen groter zijn de baten voor de samenleving

Highly Stable, Transparent, and Conductive Electrode of Solution-Processed Silver Nanowire-Mxene for Flexible Alternating-Current Electroluminescent Devices

While recent trends in flexible optoelectronic devices have led to a proliferation of studying transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), maintaining the balance of high transmittance and high conductivity of TCEs remains a challenge. Herein, the collaboration of a silver nanowire (AgNW) network and new 2D Mxene nanosheets with excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical flexibility contributes to a highly transparent and conductive hybrid electrode through a simple, scalable, low-cost, solution-processing method. This AgNW-Mxene electrode shows a low sheet resistance of 15.9 Ω sq.–1 at an ultrahigh transmittance of 92.5% and remarkable mechanical durability and chemical stability. As a proof of concept, the AgNW-Mxene electrode is used in flexible alternating-current electroluminescent device, showing outstanding flexibility and stable illumination, which can maintain a constant illumination even under bending at 180°. This promising high-performance electrode will definitely provide a brand-new pathway for the development of flexible optoelectronic devices

Solution−Chemical Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube/ZnS Nanoparticle Core/Shell Heterostructures

A facile solution−chemical method has been developed to be capable of encapsulating a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with ZnS nanocrystals without using any bridging species. The thickness of the ZnS shell can be tuned easily by controlling the experimental conditions. The optical properties of the MWCNT/ZnS heterostructures were investigated using UV−vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectrum indicates that the band gap of ZnS nanocrystallites is 4.2 eV. On the basis of the photoluminescence spectrum, charge transfer is thought to proceed from ZnS nanocrystals to the nanotube in the ZnS−carbon nanotube system. These special heterostructures are very easily encapsulated within a uniform silica layer by a modified-Stöber process and still show better stability even after heat treatment at 400 °C, which makes them appealing for practical applications in biochemistry and biodiagnostics

Highly Stable, Transparent, and Conductive Electrode of Solution-Processed Silver Nanowire-Mxene for Flexible Alternating-Current Electroluminescent Devices

While recent trends in flexible optoelectronic devices have led to a proliferation of studying transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), maintaining the balance of high transmittance and high conductivity of TCEs remains a challenge. Herein, the collaboration of a silver nanowire (AgNW) network and new 2D Mxene nanosheets with excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical flexibility contributes to a highly transparent and conductive hybrid electrode through a simple, scalable, low-cost, solution-processing method. This AgNW-Mxene electrode shows a low sheet resistance of 15.9 Ω sq.–1 at an ultrahigh transmittance of 92.5% and remarkable mechanical durability and chemical stability. As a proof of concept, the AgNW-Mxene electrode is used in flexible alternating-current electroluminescent device, showing outstanding flexibility and stable illumination, which can maintain a constant illumination even under bending at 180°. This promising high-performance electrode will definitely provide a brand-new pathway for the development of flexible optoelectronic devices

Ultrathin and Flexible ANF/APP/PRGO Composite Films for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Joule Heating

With the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) increasingly serious, the development of lightweight and flexible electromagnetic shielding composite films with excellent Joule heating performance and good mechanical properties is of great significance for modern electronic devices. In this study, we prepared aramid nanofiber/aramid nanofiber-poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly­(styrene sulfonate)/polydopamine-modified reduced graphene oxide (ANF/APP/PRGO) composite films with excellent electromagnetic shielding properties and electrical heating properties by stepwise vacuum filtration. With high conductivity (124.10 S/cm) and multi-interface electromagnetic wave reflection caused by the layered structure, the composite films achieve an EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) as high as 40.52 dB at 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band) with a low thickness (∼22 μm). At the same time, the composite films also exhibit excellent electrical heating performance with fast response and cycle stability, which can reach a surface saturation temperature as high as 127.6 °C under an applied voltage of 7 V. Therefore, it can be envisaged that the ANF/APP/PRGO composite films have certain practical application value in the fields of electromagnetic shielding and electric heating

Synthesis of Mesoporous Eu₂O₃ Microspindles

Mesoporous Eu2O3 microspindles have been prepared by a facile solution process followed by subsequent heat treatment. By adding urea stepwise and varying the reaction time, the dimension of the Eu2O3 microspindles can be easily tuned from 250 × 100 nm to 900 × 400 nm. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The Eu2O3 samples exhibit a relatively broad pore-size distribution, and the wall of the pore is constructed by well-crystalline Eu2O3 nanocrystals with diameters of about 15 nm. A possible formation mechanism of the mesoporous microspindles was also discussed

Interfacial Confined Formation of Mesoporous Spherical TiO₂ Nanostructures with Improved Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency

Uniform mesoporous TiO2 nanospheres were successfully developed via an interfacial confined formation process for application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The mesoporous spherical structures greatly promote the dye-loading capacity, electron transfer, and light scattering, resulting in remarkable enhancement of the cell performance. The designed interfacial platform caused a reaction-limited aggregation of the TiO2 nanocrystals, resulting in the formation of mesoporous spherical nanostructures with sphere diameter of 216 nm and pore size of 8 nm. The oriented attachment of adjacent TiO2 nanocrystals facilitated the electron transfer process when the mesoporous TiO2 nanospheres were used as electrode films. The dye coverage was enhanced remarkably in the mesoporous spherical TiO2 samples. Owing to the enhanced light-harvesting efficiency, solar conversion efficiency was enhanced about 30% for the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on mesoporous spherical TiO2 in comparison with that made by commercial TiO2 nanoparticles

Flame Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanorods: A Continuous and Scalable Approach

Well-crystalline SnO2 nanorods were first synthesized via a continuous and scalable iron-assisted flame approach with production rate up to 50 g/h in laboratory-scale. The as-prepared SnO2 nanorods with uniform length up to 200 nm and diameter around 20 nm are smooth and single crystal rutile structures, growing along the [001] direction. Iron dopant is incorporated into the SnO2 lattice and selectively effects a specific SnO2 crystal plane, promoting the further crystal oriented growth into nanorods. Meanwhile, the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of such SnO2 nanorods exhibits a broad, stronger orange-emission peak around 620 nm, suggesting potential applications in optoelectronics. It is noteworthy that this dopant-assisted flame approach provides a new strategy for sequentially engineering one-dimensional nanomaterials

Highly Stretchable, Sensitive, and Transparent Strain Sensors with a Controllable In-Plane Mesh Structure

Highly stretchable and transparent strain sensors integrated in-plane meshed structure with silver nanowire conductive networks are rationally designed and prepared by the ultrafast laser cutting technique and facile drop-coating process, which exhibit great promise for efficient large-scale production. The in-plane meshed structure and low-content conductive network enable the sensor to achieve outstanding sensing performance and optical transparency based on simple fabricating processes and simplified components. More impressively, finite element method simulation is used to analyze and predict the influence of multiple structures on properties for selecting optimal meshed structures. Consequently, the strain sensor with optimal meshed structures exhibits high sensitivity in a wide working strain range (gauge factor of 846 at 150% tensile strain), good optical transparency of 88.3%, slight hysteresis, and long-term durability under large-strain cycles. Because of these superior performances, this in-plane mesh-structured strain sensor has great potential as candidates for wearable electronics, especially in skin-mountable devices detecting both subtle physiological signals and large motion information