Data_Sheet_1_Sex differences in symptom network structure of depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy among people with diabetes: a network analysis.docx

AimsThe present study aims to explore the relations between symptoms of depression and anxiety and self-efficacy among people with diabetes. At the same time, we also examined the sex difference between network structures.MethodsThis study recruited 413 participants with diabetes, and they completed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Self-efficacy for Diabetes (SED). Symptom network analysis and network comparison test were used to construct and compare the depression-anxiety symptom network models of the female and male groups. Finally, we conducted flow diagrams to explore the symptoms directly or indirectly related to self-efficacy.ResultsThe strongest edges in the depression-anxiety symptom networks are the edge between “GAD3” (Excessive worry) and “GAD4” (Trouble relaxing) and the edge between “PHQ1” (Anhedonia) and “PHQ4” (Energy) in the female and male groups, respectively. Most of the symptoms with the highest EI and bridge EI are related to worry and nervousness. Additionally, in the flow diagram of the female group, “PHQ6” (Guilt) has a high negative association with self-efficacy.ConclusionFemales with diabetes are more vulnerable to depression and anxiety. Interventions targeting key symptoms in the network may be helpful in relieving the psychological problems among people with diabetes.</p

Self-Assembled Magnetic Pt Nanocomposites for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenol

Self-assembled nanotechnology has been used widely in various well-defined microstructures fabrication. Herein, this synthetic protocol was successfully utilized to in situ or hierarchically prepare magnetic Pt nanocomposites Fe3O4@Pt via a distinguishing two-step process. The distinction of these two pathways is due to the different synthetic processes. In the case of in situ preparation (Path I), it involves a supramolecular self-assembly of boron clusters with γ-CD on Fe3O4 substrate and then followed by in situ formation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs). But in the case of hierarchical preparation (Path II), the first step is preparing Pt NPs colloids reduced by boron clusters Cs2[closo-B12H12], and subsequent step is immobilizing the as-prepared [closo-B12H12]2–-capped Pt NPs on the Fe3O4@γ-CD. The success of these two fabrication strategies lies in the use of trifunctional boron clusters (reductant, stabilizer, and superchaotropic anchor). Both of the as-prepared Fe3O4@Pt nanocomposites showed good catalytic performance in the selective nitro-group reduction of nitroaromatics. A control test further indicated that the in situ prepared Fe3O4@Pt nanocomposites, with smaller size and higher loading of Pt NPs, exhibited a better catalytic performance and recyclability

Keggin-Type Polyoxometalate and Co Nanoparticles Codecorated Separator for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery

The Li–S battery has garnered widespread attention as an intriguing new energy storage equipment due to its remarkable energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the infamous shuttle effect seriously hinders the commercialization process. In order to address this issue, this study rationally synthesizes the composites comprising Keggin-type polyoxometalate and Co nanoparticles, which are then coated on a pristine polypropylene separator. The modified separator can greatly inhibit lithium polysulfide shuttling, thereby leading to a greatly improved electrochemical performance. At the first cycle, the fabricated Li–S battery exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 1335.7 mA h g–1, surpassing the 938.7 mA h g–1 capacity of an unmodified separator. At a current density of 1C, the initial reversible discharge capacity reaches 988.2 mA h g–1, and even after 500 cycles, it still retains a remaining capacity of 664.2 mA h g–1, with a capacity decay rate of 0.066% per cycle. Even at a high sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm–2, the device displays a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 1158.2 mA h g–1, with a remaining capacity of 952.7 mA h g–1 after 70 cycles (0.1C). This significant performance enhancement could be ascribed to the synergistic effect of PMo12/Co–NCe, which exhibits greatly decreased electron transfer resistance and contact angle to the electrolyte, facilitating the rapid transport of Li-ion and kinetics. Meanwhile, the severe shuttle effect is alleviated effectively by combining the strong catalytic activity of PMo12 and Co nanoparticles with long-chain polysulfides

DataSheet_1_The Modulatory Activity of Tryptophan Displaying Nanodevices on Macrophage Activation for Preventing Acute Lung Injury.pdf

Macrophages play an important role in the initiation, progression and resolution of inflammation in many human diseases. Effective regulation of their activation and immune responses could be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage various inflammatory conditions. Nanodevices that naturally target macrophages are ideal agents to regulate immune responses of macrophages. Here we described a special tryptophan (Trp)-containing hexapeptide-coated gold nanoparticle hybrid, PW, which had unique immunomodulatory activities on macrophages. The Trp residues enabled PW higher affinity to cell membranes, and contributed to inducing mild pro-inflammatory responses of NF-κB/AP-1 activation. However, in the presence of TLR stimuli, PW exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities through inhibiting multiple TLR signaling pathways. Mechanistically, PW was internalized primarily through micropinocytosis pathway into macrophages and attenuated the endosomal acidification process, and hence preferentially affected the endosomal TLR signaling. Interestingly, PW could induce the expression of the TLR negative regulator IRAK-M, which may also contribute to the observed TLR inhibitory activities. In two acute lung injury (ALI) mouse models, PW could effectively ameliorate lung inflammation and protect lung from injuries. This work demonstrated that nanodevices with thoughtful design could serve as novel immunomodulatory agents to manage the dysregulated inflammatory responses for treating many chronic and acute inflammatory conditions, such as ALI.</p

Table_1_Predicting the distribution of suitable habitat of the poisonous weed Astragalus variabilis in China under current and future climate conditions.XLSX

Astragalus variabilis is a locoweed of northwest China that can seriously impede livestock development. However, it also plays various ecological roles, such as wind protection and sand fixation. Here, we used an optimized MaxEnt model to predict the distribution of suitable habitat of A. variabilis under current (1970–2000) conditions and future (2021–2080) climate change scenarios based on recent occurrence records. The most important environmental variables (suitability ranges in parentheses) affecting the distribution of A. variabilis were average maximum temperature of February (–2.12–5.34°C), followed by total precipitation of June (2.06–37.33 mm), and topsoil organic carbon (0.36–0.69%). The habitat suitability of A. variabilis was significantly correlated with the frequency of livestock poisoning (p < 0.05). Under current climate conditions, the suitable environment of A. variabilis was distributed in central and western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, central and northwestern Gansu, central and northwestern Qinghai, and the four basins around the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate conditions, the suitable habitat of A. variabilis shifted to higher latitudes and altitudes. No previous studies have used niche models to predict the suitable environment of this species nor analyzed the relationship between the habitat suitability of poisonous plants and the frequency of animal poisoning. Our findings provide new insights that will aid the prevention of livestock animal poisoning and the control of poisonous plants, promote the development of the livestock husbandry industry, and provide basic information that will facilitate the maintenance of the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.</p

l‑Lactic Acid Production via Sustainable Neutralizer-Free Route by Engineering Acid-Tolerant Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii

l-Lactic acid (l-LA) is a platform chemical obtained via microbial fermentation at a near-neutral pH value. Large amounts of neutralizers are required during this process, which increases the production costs in downstream processing as well as environmental burden. To address this challenge, an acid-tolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii E1 was isolated and metabolically engineered to produce l-LA without neutralizers. The genome of strain E1 was sequenced and a CRISPR-Cas9 system was developed in this newly isolated strain. Subsequently, the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) was knocked out to subdue ethanol formation. Furthermore, the l-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Weizmannia coagulans 2-6 and the codon-optimized L-ldhA gene from Bos taurus were introduced into P. kudriavzevii E1 chromosome to redirect the ethanol fermentation pathway to l-LA production. Deletion of the dld(chr3) gene further increased the optical purity of l-LA. After optimizing fermentation conditions, the maximum titer of l-LA in the 5 L fermenter reached 74.57 g/L without any neutralizers, with an optical purity of 100% and a maximum yield of 0.93 g/g glucose. This is the first report of optically pure l-LA production without neutralizers and the engineered acid-tolerant yeast paves the way for the sustainable production of l-LA via a green route

Image_2_Predicting the distribution of suitable habitat of the poisonous weed Astragalus variabilis in China under current and future climate conditions.JPEG

Astragalus variabilis is a locoweed of northwest China that can seriously impede livestock development. However, it also plays various ecological roles, such as wind protection and sand fixation. Here, we used an optimized MaxEnt model to predict the distribution of suitable habitat of A. variabilis under current (1970–2000) conditions and future (2021–2080) climate change scenarios based on recent occurrence records. The most important environmental variables (suitability ranges in parentheses) affecting the distribution of A. variabilis were average maximum temperature of February (–2.12–5.34°C), followed by total precipitation of June (2.06–37.33 mm), and topsoil organic carbon (0.36–0.69%). The habitat suitability of A. variabilis was significantly correlated with the frequency of livestock poisoning (p < 0.05). Under current climate conditions, the suitable environment of A. variabilis was distributed in central and western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, central and northwestern Gansu, central and northwestern Qinghai, and the four basins around the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate conditions, the suitable habitat of A. variabilis shifted to higher latitudes and altitudes. No previous studies have used niche models to predict the suitable environment of this species nor analyzed the relationship between the habitat suitability of poisonous plants and the frequency of animal poisoning. Our findings provide new insights that will aid the prevention of livestock animal poisoning and the control of poisonous plants, promote the development of the livestock husbandry industry, and provide basic information that will facilitate the maintenance of the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.</p

Image_1_Predicting the distribution of suitable habitat of the poisonous weed Astragalus variabilis in China under current and future climate conditions.JPEG

Astragalus variabilis is a locoweed of northwest China that can seriously impede livestock development. However, it also plays various ecological roles, such as wind protection and sand fixation. Here, we used an optimized MaxEnt model to predict the distribution of suitable habitat of A. variabilis under current (1970–2000) conditions and future (2021–2080) climate change scenarios based on recent occurrence records. The most important environmental variables (suitability ranges in parentheses) affecting the distribution of A. variabilis were average maximum temperature of February (–2.12–5.34°C), followed by total precipitation of June (2.06–37.33 mm), and topsoil organic carbon (0.36–0.69%). The habitat suitability of A. variabilis was significantly correlated with the frequency of livestock poisoning (p < 0.05). Under current climate conditions, the suitable environment of A. variabilis was distributed in central and western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, central and northwestern Gansu, central and northwestern Qinghai, and the four basins around the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate conditions, the suitable habitat of A. variabilis shifted to higher latitudes and altitudes. No previous studies have used niche models to predict the suitable environment of this species nor analyzed the relationship between the habitat suitability of poisonous plants and the frequency of animal poisoning. Our findings provide new insights that will aid the prevention of livestock animal poisoning and the control of poisonous plants, promote the development of the livestock husbandry industry, and provide basic information that will facilitate the maintenance of the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.</p

Table1_Swainsonine Triggers Paraptosis via ER Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathway in Rat Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells.DOCX

Swainsonine (SW), an indolizidine alkaloid extracted from locoweeds, was shown toxic effects in multiple studies, but the underlying action mechanism remains unclear. SW is known to cause autophagy and apoptosis, but there has been no report on paraptosis mediated cell death. Here, we showed that SW induced rat primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) death accompanied by vacuolation in vitro. The fluorescence with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Tracker Red and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the vacuoles were of ER origin, typical of paraptosis. The level of ER stress markers, such as polyubiquitinated proteins, Bip, CHOP and cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+ have drastically increased. Interestingly, autophagy inhibitor could not interrupt but enhanced the induction of cytoplasmic vacuolization. Furthermore, MAPK pathways were activated by SW and inhibitors of ERK and JNK pathways could prevent the formation of cytoplasmic vacuolization. In this study, we confirmed that SW induced cell paraptosis through ER stress and MAPK signaling pathway, thus further laying a theoretical foundation for the study of SW toxicity mechanism.</p

Table_3_Predicting the distribution of suitable habitat of the poisonous weed Astragalus variabilis in China under current and future climate conditions.DOCX

Astragalus variabilis is a locoweed of northwest China that can seriously impede livestock development. However, it also plays various ecological roles, such as wind protection and sand fixation. Here, we used an optimized MaxEnt model to predict the distribution of suitable habitat of A. variabilis under current (1970–2000) conditions and future (2021–2080) climate change scenarios based on recent occurrence records. The most important environmental variables (suitability ranges in parentheses) affecting the distribution of A. variabilis were average maximum temperature of February (–2.12–5.34°C), followed by total precipitation of June (2.06–37.33 mm), and topsoil organic carbon (0.36–0.69%). The habitat suitability of A. variabilis was significantly correlated with the frequency of livestock poisoning (p < 0.05). Under current climate conditions, the suitable environment of A. variabilis was distributed in central and western Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, central and northwestern Gansu, central and northwestern Qinghai, and the four basins around the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang. Under future climate conditions, the suitable habitat of A. variabilis shifted to higher latitudes and altitudes. No previous studies have used niche models to predict the suitable environment of this species nor analyzed the relationship between the habitat suitability of poisonous plants and the frequency of animal poisoning. Our findings provide new insights that will aid the prevention of livestock animal poisoning and the control of poisonous plants, promote the development of the livestock husbandry industry, and provide basic information that will facilitate the maintenance of the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.</p