ITYPs (A) and TYTE (B) in fungal treatment experiment 2.

* indicating significant differences between the two means by T-test. In this pot-cultured tomato in cage, the conidial suspension contained the IfB01 strain of I. fumosorosea. The MEAM1 2nd instar nymphs in TY-plants were exposed to a conidial concentration of 10×106 spores/mL via leaf immersion. After eclosion, each of the normal tomato plants was infected with three adults. The control was treated with healthy MEAM1 adults.</p

Image_2_Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.JPEG

PurposeTo further evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in management of primary pterygium.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2022. Recurrences and complications were evaluated as the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.ResultsIn total of 1,096 eyes in 19 RCTs were included. Anti-VEGF agents statistically decreased recurrence rate of pterygium following surgery (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.74, P ConclusionsAs adjuvant treatment, anti-VEGF agents statistically reduced the recurrence following pterygium surgery, especially among White patients. Anti-VEGF agents were well tolerated without increased complications.</p

Image_3_Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.JPEG

PurposeTo further evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in management of primary pterygium.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2022. Recurrences and complications were evaluated as the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.ResultsIn total of 1,096 eyes in 19 RCTs were included. Anti-VEGF agents statistically decreased recurrence rate of pterygium following surgery (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.74, P ConclusionsAs adjuvant treatment, anti-VEGF agents statistically reduced the recurrence following pterygium surgery, especially among White patients. Anti-VEGF agents were well tolerated without increased complications.</p

<i>TYLCV</i> PCR test of MEAM1 adults in fungal treatment experiment 2.

CK: Control group, Tr: treatment group. The AC2 gene fragment (322 bp) of TYLCV in each MEAM1 adult at post-eclosion day 3 was detected. The treatment group included the 2nd instar nymphs of MEAM1 infesting TY-plant in the cage treated with the conidial suspension of 10×106 spores/mL of IfB01 strain of I. fumosorosea. The control group was treated only with 0.02% Tween 80 solution. Thirty adults were detected.</p

Regression analysis of eclosion rates, logarithm of fungal conidial concentrations (Log C) and ITYP.

A: eclosion rate and the logarithm of fungal conidial concentrations; B: ITYP on post-eclosion day 3 and the logarithm of fungal conidial concentrations; C: ITYP on post-eclosion days 3 and 8.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.PDF

PurposeTo further evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in management of primary pterygium.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2022. Recurrences and complications were evaluated as the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.ResultsIn total of 1,096 eyes in 19 RCTs were included. Anti-VEGF agents statistically decreased recurrence rate of pterygium following surgery (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.74, P ConclusionsAs adjuvant treatment, anti-VEGF agents statistically reduced the recurrence following pterygium surgery, especially among White patients. Anti-VEGF agents were well tolerated without increased complications.</p

Image_4_Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.JPEG

PurposeTo further evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in management of primary pterygium.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2022. Recurrences and complications were evaluated as the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.ResultsIn total of 1,096 eyes in 19 RCTs were included. Anti-VEGF agents statistically decreased recurrence rate of pterygium following surgery (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.74, P ConclusionsAs adjuvant treatment, anti-VEGF agents statistically reduced the recurrence following pterygium surgery, especially among White patients. Anti-VEGF agents were well tolerated without increased complications.</p

Image_1_Efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in the treatment of primary pterygium.JPEG

PurposeTo further evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in management of primary pterygium.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2022. Recurrences and complications were evaluated as the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model.ResultsIn total of 1,096 eyes in 19 RCTs were included. Anti-VEGF agents statistically decreased recurrence rate of pterygium following surgery (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.74, P ConclusionsAs adjuvant treatment, anti-VEGF agents statistically reduced the recurrence following pterygium surgery, especially among White patients. Anti-VEGF agents were well tolerated without increased complications.</p

Effects of <i>Isaria fumosorosea</i> on <i>TYLCV</i> (<i>Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus</i>) Accumulation and Transmitting Capacity of <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>

<div><p><i>Tomato yellow leaf curl virus</i> (<i>TYLCV</i>) is transmitted by the <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> pest Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) in China. <i>Isaria fumosorosea</i> is a fungal pathogen of <i>B</i>. <i>tabaci</i>. However, the effects of fungal infection on <i>TYLCV</i> expression and transmission by MEAM1 are unclear. In this study, potted tomatoes containing second instar nymphs of MEAM1 were treated with <i>I</i>. <i>fumosorosea</i> IfB01 strain and the relationship between fungal infection in MEAM1 and its <i>TYLCV</i> transmission capacity was investigated. The results indicated that a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased incidence of transmission of <i>TYLCV</i>-infected plants (ITYPs) transmitted by second instar nymphs of MEAM1 infected with fungus. Further, we found a negative correlation between fungal conidial concentrations and eclosion rates of MEAM1, and a positive correlation between ITYPs and eclosion. In addition, when each plant was exposed to three adults treated with fungus, a significantly decreased transmission of <i>TYLCV</i> (TYTE) was observed in the infected group. However, the incidence of <i>TYLCV</i>-carrying MEAM1 adults (ITYAs) was not significantly different in the infected and control groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, a significant decrease in viral accumulation using <i>TYLCV AC2</i> gene as a marker was observed in the fungus-infected MEAM1. In conclusion, the results suggested that <i>I</i>. <i>fumosorosea</i> infection decreases <i>TYLCV</i> accumulation in MEAM1 and subsequently reduces its transmission. Our study provides new insights into the relationship between host plant, plant virus, insect vector, and entomopathogenic fungus.</p></div

Relative expression of <i>TYLCV AC2</i> gene in the adults tested in fungal treatment experiment 2.

<p>The expression of the <i>AC2</i> (322 bp) in <i>TYLCV</i> of each TY-adult on post-eclosion day 3 was detected by qPCR. Treatment group comprised 2^nd instar nymphs of MEAM1 on TY-plant in cage treated with a conidial suspension of 10×10⁶ spores/mL from IfB01 strain of <i>I</i>. <i>fumosorosea</i>. The control group was treated only with 0.02% Tween 80 solution. Thirty adults were detected.</p