Analisis Portofolio Optimal Dengan Single Index Model Untuk Meminimumkan Risiko Bagi Investor Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Studi Pada Saham Indeks Kompas 100 Periode Februari 2010-juli 2014)

Investments can be made in the capital market, capital market instruments which are mostly attractive for investors is stock. Stock provides a return in the form of capital gains and dividends yield, not only noticing the return, investors need to pay attention to the investments risk. Unsystematis risk can be minimized by forming the optimal portfolio using one of the methods that is single index model. Study purpose is to knowing the stocks forming the optimal portfolio, the proportion of funds allocated to each stocks, the level of expectation return and risk.The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. The samples used were 46 stocks in Kompas 100 Index, which meets the criteria for sampling. The results showed that 12 stocks of forming optimal portfolio, the stocks of which are UNVR, TRAM, MNCN, BHIT, JSMR, BMTR, GJTL, KLBF, AALI, CPIN, AKRA, and ASRI. Stock with highest proportion of funds is TRAM (23,52%), stock with lowest proportion of funds is AALI (0,62%). Portfolio which are formed will give return expectations by 3,05477% and carry the risk for about 0,1228%

Old problems and new dilemmas: the conundrum of environmental management reform in China

Underpinning China’s severe and continuing environmental degradation is a stubborn gap between environmental regulation and regulatory enforcement at the local level. In the past, scholars have sought explanations for the causes of this implementation gap by interviewing frontline environmental officials. Due to the fact that the self-perception data used in most of those existing studies were gathered prior to 2012, the possible factors contributing to the compromised effectiveness of local environmental enforcement from 2012 onward remain largely unknown. This empirical weakness should not be overlooked, as the prevailing institutions governing China’s local environmental management practices have been experiencing many frame-breaking transformations since 2012. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with leaders of environmental law enforcement teams in all administrative districts of Guangzhou in 2017, this paper not only summarizes pervasive elements which negatively impact the current effectiveness of environmental regulatory efforts, but also provides qualitative evidence and theoretical accounts for three enforcement dilemmas stemming from reform measures taken by the central government.</p

Synthesis of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Methides via Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of Benzannulated Enediynyl Alcohols

Treatment of benzannulated enediynyl alcohols with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature promoted a cascade sequence of cyclization reactions, leading to 1,4-naphthoquinone methides. The transformation involved an unusual two-carbon ring expansion from the cyclic alcohols and the construction of the p-quinone methide ring from an acyclic system along the reaction pathway

Synthesis of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Methides via Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of Benzannulated Enediynyl Alcohols

Treatment of benzannulated enediynyl alcohols with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature promoted a cascade sequence of cyclization reactions, leading to 1,4-naphthoquinone methides. The transformation involved an unusual two-carbon ring expansion from the cyclic alcohols and the construction of the p-quinone methide ring from an acyclic system along the reaction pathway

Synthesis of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Methides via Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations of Benzannulated Enediynyl Alcohols

Treatment of benzannulated enediynyl alcohols with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature promoted a cascade sequence of cyclization reactions, leading to 1,4-naphthoquinone methides. The transformation involved an unusual two-carbon ring expansion from the cyclic alcohols and the construction of the p-quinone methide ring from an acyclic system along the reaction pathway

Table_3_Characterization of the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Pectin Methylesterases: Evolution, Activity of Isoforms and Expression During Fruit Ripening.XLSX

Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme of pectin that plays multiple roles in different plant development processes and responses to biotic stress. To characterize the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the PME gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the PME gene family in the tomato was performed. In total, 57 non-redundant PME genes were identified, and these PME genes were divided into five groups based on their phylogeneny; their classification was supported by similar gene structures and domain distributions. The PME genes were found to be unevenly distributed among 12 chromosomes of the tomato. In addition, 11 segmental duplication and 11 tandem duplication events occurred in these PME genes, implying that both contributed to the expansion of the tomato PME gene family. Non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratio analysis revealed that positive selection played a key role in the functional divergence of PME genes. Interspecific collinear analysis indicated a large divergence in the PME gene family after the divergence of monocot and dicot plants in ancient times. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that PMEs plays roles in the different parts of the tomato plant, including the fruit. Three newly identified candidate genes (Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600, and Solyc12g098340) may have functions during fruit ripening. Immunoassays suggested that the tomato isoform PE1 and PE2 may change pectin structure at cell junctions, which could be associated with fruit softening. In addition, our analysis indicate that two undescribed PE isoforms might be active in leaves and fruits. This study increases our understanding of the PME gene family in the tomato and may facilitate further functional analyses to elucidate PME function, especially during fruit ripening.</p

Table_4_Characterization of the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Pectin Methylesterases: Evolution, Activity of Isoforms and Expression During Fruit Ripening.XLSX

Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme of pectin that plays multiple roles in different plant development processes and responses to biotic stress. To characterize the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the PME gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the PME gene family in the tomato was performed. In total, 57 non-redundant PME genes were identified, and these PME genes were divided into five groups based on their phylogeneny; their classification was supported by similar gene structures and domain distributions. The PME genes were found to be unevenly distributed among 12 chromosomes of the tomato. In addition, 11 segmental duplication and 11 tandem duplication events occurred in these PME genes, implying that both contributed to the expansion of the tomato PME gene family. Non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratio analysis revealed that positive selection played a key role in the functional divergence of PME genes. Interspecific collinear analysis indicated a large divergence in the PME gene family after the divergence of monocot and dicot plants in ancient times. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that PMEs plays roles in the different parts of the tomato plant, including the fruit. Three newly identified candidate genes (Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600, and Solyc12g098340) may have functions during fruit ripening. Immunoassays suggested that the tomato isoform PE1 and PE2 may change pectin structure at cell junctions, which could be associated with fruit softening. In addition, our analysis indicate that two undescribed PE isoforms might be active in leaves and fruits. This study increases our understanding of the PME gene family in the tomato and may facilitate further functional analyses to elucidate PME function, especially during fruit ripening.</p

Molybdenum Disulfide–Zinc Oxide Photocathodes for Photo-Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries

Systems for harvesting and storing solar energy have found practical applications ranging from solar farms to autonomous smart devices. Generally, these energy solutions consist of solar cells for light harvesting and rechargeable batteries to match the solar energy supply to consumption demands. Rather than having a separate energy harvesting and storing device, we report photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (hν-ZIBs) using a photoactive cathode composed of layer-by-layer grown zinc oxide and molybdenum disulfide. These photocathodes are capable of harvesting solar energy and storing it in the same material and alleviate the need for solar cells or power converters. The proposed photocathodes achieve photoconversion efficiencies of ∼1.8% using a 455 nm light source and ∼0.2% of solar-conversion efficiencies. Light not only allows photocharging but also enhances the battery capacity from 245 to 340 mA h g–1 (specific current of 100 mA g–1 and 12 mW cm–2 light intensity at 455 nm). Finally, the proposed hν-ZIBs also demonstrate a capacity retention of ∼82% over 200 cycles

Table_5_Characterization of the Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Pectin Methylesterases: Evolution, Activity of Isoforms and Expression During Fruit Ripening.xlsx

Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme of pectin that plays multiple roles in different plant development processes and responses to biotic stress. To characterize the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the PME gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the PME gene family in the tomato was performed. In total, 57 non-redundant PME genes were identified, and these PME genes were divided into five groups based on their phylogeneny; their classification was supported by similar gene structures and domain distributions. The PME genes were found to be unevenly distributed among 12 chromosomes of the tomato. In addition, 11 segmental duplication and 11 tandem duplication events occurred in these PME genes, implying that both contributed to the expansion of the tomato PME gene family. Non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratio analysis revealed that positive selection played a key role in the functional divergence of PME genes. Interspecific collinear analysis indicated a large divergence in the PME gene family after the divergence of monocot and dicot plants in ancient times. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that PMEs plays roles in the different parts of the tomato plant, including the fruit. Three newly identified candidate genes (Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600, and Solyc12g098340) may have functions during fruit ripening. Immunoassays suggested that the tomato isoform PE1 and PE2 may change pectin structure at cell junctions, which could be associated with fruit softening. In addition, our analysis indicate that two undescribed PE isoforms might be active in leaves and fruits. This study increases our understanding of the PME gene family in the tomato and may facilitate further functional analyses to elucidate PME function, especially during fruit ripening.</p