In vivo antidiabetic activity of qwueous extract of Artemisia argyi (Chinese mugwort) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Purpose: To determine the antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Artemisia argyi (Asteraceae) in alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental: Soxhlet apparatus was packed with grinded leaves of A. Argyi and subjected to extraction by double distillation using water as  running solvent for 4 – 5 h. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 150 ± 10 g were used in this study. Diabetes was induced in overnight-fasted rats via intraperitoneal administration of freshly prepared 10 % alloxan solution at a dose of 186.9 mg/kg. Serum glucose (Glc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TGs) and total cholesterol (TC) were evaluated using Randox assay kits. Serum reduced glutathione (GSH) was assayed using a slight modification of a previously reproted procedure, while histological examination was carried out microscopically after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Oral administration of aqueous extract of Artemisia argyi significantly reduced ALX-induced increases in glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose, but significantly increased total protein, hemoglobin, insulin, and C-peptide levels (p < 0.05). Administration of the extract also led to a significant upsurge in non-enzymic antioxidants i.e. ceruloplasmin, GSH, vitamin E and vitamin C. The extract produced a hypolipidemic effect by significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) and serum TGs. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the extract were dose-dependent (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the pancreas revealed that the extract protected the integrity of beta cells in ALXinduced diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results indicate the beneficial effects of Artemisia argyi against diabetes mellitus. Thus, Artemisia argyi may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Artemisia argyi, Antidiabetic, Glutathione, Histopathology, Antioxidan

In vivo antidiabetic activity of qwueous extract of Artemisia argyi (Chinese mugwort) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Purpose: To determine the antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Artemisia argyi (Asteraceae) in alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Experimental: Soxhlet apparatus was packed with grinded leaves of A. Argyi and subjected to extraction by double distillation using water as  running solvent for 4 – 5 h. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 150 ± 10 g were used in this study. Diabetes was induced in overnight-fasted rats via intraperitoneal administration of freshly prepared 10 % alloxan solution at a dose of 186.9 mg/kg. Serum glucose (Glc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TGs) and total cholesterol (TC) were evaluated using Randox assay kits. Serum reduced glutathione (GSH) was assayed using a slight modification of a previously reproted procedure, while histological examination was carried out microscopically after hematoxylin and eosin staining.&#x0D; Results: Oral administration of aqueous extract of Artemisia argyi significantly reduced ALX-induced increases in glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose, but significantly increased total protein, hemoglobin, insulin, and C-peptide levels (p &lt; 0.05). Administration of the extract also led to a significant upsurge in non-enzymic antioxidants i.e. ceruloplasmin, GSH, vitamin E and vitamin C. The extract produced a hypolipidemic effect by significantly reducing total cholesterol (TC) and serum TGs. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the extract were dose-dependent (p &lt; 0.05). Histological examination of the pancreas revealed that the extract protected the integrity of beta cells in ALXinduced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Conclusion: These results indicate the beneficial effects of Artemisia argyi against diabetes mellitus. Thus, Artemisia argyi may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Keywords: Artemisia argyi, Antidiabetic, Glutathione, Histopathology, Antioxidant</jats:p

Antimicrobial mechanism of semi-bionic extracts of three traditional medicinal plants—Rheum palmatum L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb—That can be used as antibiotic alternatives

The Chinese traditional medicinal plants Rheum palmatum L., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb in a ratio of 108:65:27 form a compound named Dahuang Qinyu San (DQS), which inhibits and kills Escherichia coli and Salmonella to a certain extent in fish and shrimp aquaculture environments. The active ingredients quercetin, emodin, baicalin, and aloe-emodin are obtained from the semi-biomimetic extract of DQS (SEDQS). However, the antibacterial mechanism of SEDQS against Salmonella is still unclear. This study used the microwell-plate method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of SEDQS against Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) isolated from geese. In addition, the effect of SEDQS on the growth curve, respiratory metabolic system, cell wall, soluble protein, and nucleic acid in bacterial liquid of S. enteritidis was detected by spectrophotometer and reagent kit. The effects of SEDQS on S. enteritidis DNA, binding gel blocking, virulence gene expression, and pathogenicity-related proteins were determined by gel electrophoresis, SDS–PAGE, and fluorescence quantitative PCR. The study found that a concentration of 1/4 MIC−2 MIC (2.27–18.2 mg/ml) SEDQS can significantly inhibit the normal growth of S. enteritidis, destroy the cell membrane structure of bacteria resulting in the leak of nucleic acid, protein, and other contents (P &amp;lt; 0.01). It also significantly inhibited the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH; P &amp;lt; 0.01) in a concentration-dependent manner. When the concentration of SEDQS was 1/2 MIC to 2 MIC (4.55–18.2 mg/ml), the expression levels of gyrB, fimA, filC, spvR, Hcp, and vgrG virulence genes (P &amp;lt; 0.01) all decreased by more than 31, 11, 18, 30, 34, and 21% respectively compared with the control group. SEDQS could significantly inhibit the expression of six virulence genes and play an important role in the pathogenicity of the S. enteritidis infected host. The SEDQS could exert antibacterial pharmacological effects by inhibiting the growth and metabolism of S. enteritidis and inhibiting the expression of major virulence factors. It has potential application value as an antibiotic alternative.</jats:p

Modulation of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization by Colloidal Selenium Nanoparticles–Polyphenol Complex

The nanoSe⁰-polyphenol complexes with a 3:1 polyphenol/nanoSe⁰ molar ratio were prepared by colloidal selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe⁰) modified with gallic acid (GA), propyl gallate (PG), and pyrogallic acid (PA), which were spherical with average diameter about 38–77 nm. On this basis, we studied the effect of nanoSe⁰-polyphenol on the CaC₂O₄ crystallization and also elaborated the modulation mechanism, which were compared with those for each polyphenol individually. NanoSe⁰-GA and nanoSe⁰-PA were easy to induce the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals, while nanoSe⁰-PG induced the formation of quasi-rectangular calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), multilayered calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) crystals, and an amount of COD crystals in a dose-dependent fashion by nanoSe⁰-PG. The strong effect of nanoSe⁰-polyphenol on the formation of COD and COT crystals could be attributed to electrostatic interaction between nanoSe⁰-polyphenol and CaC₂O₄ crystals. The results obtained in the polyphenol system were similar to, as well as different from, nanoSe⁰-polyphenol because the effect of the polyphenol on the CaC₂O₄ crystallization could result from not only electrostatic interaction between polyphenols and Ca²⁺ ions, but also hydrogen bonding interaction between the polyphenols and C₂O₄^2– groups. All the obtained COD crystals were thermostable even at 70 °C, while COT crystals were temperature dependent

Cascade C–N bond cleavage of amides/intramolecular amination reactions: an atom economical way to α-cabolin-4-ones

A novel one-pot procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted α-carbolin-4-ones through successive C–N bond cleavage and intramolecular amination reactions involving a 1,2-acyl migration has been developed.</p