Percentage of variance explained by emotions and odds ratio.

Percentage of variance explained by emotions and odds ratio.</p

Cultural differences in the use of acoustic cues for musical emotion experience - Fig 1

Mean emotion rating comparisons, by Mode (Top: Alaap, Bottom: Gat), Raga, and Group (Enculturated/Non-Enculturated). The different ragas (by name) are ordered on the x-axis while the y-axis represents the eight emotional labels. The grey background represents the ratings of enculturated group while the white background represents the rating of the non-enculturated group. The intensity of response is color coded as indicated by the color bar on the right. Ragas are ordered from lowest to highest tonal ratio (m/M) shows high degree of similarity in both label and intensity of emotion response across the cultural groups. Of the 192 comparisons, there were differences in just 18 cases as indicated in the figure. Adjusted p-values: *<0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001.</p

Demographic details of participants.

Demographic details of participants.</p

Box-and-whisker plots representing the percent variance explained in emotion ratings across two cultural groups.

Median % variance explained is also displayed for each emotion individually.</p

Dotplot of distribution of emotion ratings for most frequently occurring common emotions.

A jittered dotplot of intensity ratings on x-axis of the most frequently occurring common emotion label associated with a raga on y-axis for the two cultural groups, *red for Enculturated and blue for Non-Enculturated) and two presentation stages. This dotplot avoids the problem of over-plotting due to discrete nature in this dataset by adding a small amount (horizontal variation of 40% and vertical variation of 20% of the resolution of the data) of random variation to the location of the ratings. The higher the concentration of dots by color, the higher the frequency of ratings by the cultural groups.</p

Bar plot of Variable Importance measures.

Based on Random Forest and XGBoost, Variable Importance of Musical Features (Rhythm and Tonality) are plotted for modeling emotional ratings for each of the eight emotions and two cultural groups (E = Enculturated, NE = Non-Enculturated).</p

Data_Sheet_1_Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Symptom Severity, Conduct Disorder, and Callous-Unemotional Traits and Impairment in Expression Recognition.docx

Background: Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by adolescents in the United States. Both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been associated with reduced emotion expression recognition ability. However, this work has primarily occurred in adults and has not considered neuro-cognitive risk factors associated with conduct problems that commonly co-occur with, and precede, substance use. Yet, conduct problems are also associated with reduced emotion expression recognition ability. The current study investigated the extent of negative association between AUD and CUD symptom severity and expression recognition ability over and above any association of expression recognition ability with conduct problems [conduct disorder (CD) diagnostic status].Methods: In this study, 152 youths aged 12.5–18 years (56 female; 60 diagnosed with CD) completed a rapid presentation morphed intensity facial expression task to investigate the association between relative severity of AUD/CUD and expression recognition ability.Results: Cannabis use disorder identification test (CUDIT) scores were negatively associated with recognition accuracy for higher intensity (particularly sad and fearful) expressions while CD diagnostic status was independently negatively associated with recognition of sad expressions. Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scores were not significantly associated with expression recognition ability.Conclusions: These data indicate that relative severity of CUD and CD diagnostic status are statistically independently associated with reduced expression recognition ability. On the basis of these data, we speculate that increased cannabis use during adolescence may exacerbate a neuro-cognitive risk factor for the emergence of aggression and antisocial behavior.</p