Quality of data regarding care seeking for ill or suspected ill neonates: all included studies.

<p>Abbreviations: CHW, community health worker; GP, government provider; IMNCI, integrated management of childhood and neonatal illnesses, NGC, nongovernmental consultants; NGD, nongovernmental dispensers; N/A, not available; PHC, primary health care; SHC, secondary health care; TH, traditional healer.</p

Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (-1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing ( 0.5V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and -0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.</p

Characteristics of studies that describe care seeking for ill or suspected ill neonates.

a<p>Percentage reported as a proportion of all neonates with an illness or suspected illness reported by each study.</p>b<p>Data obtained via correspondence with corresponding author.</p><p>Abbreviations: C-RCT, cluster randomized controlled trial; CHW, community health worker; ENC, essential newborn care; ENCT, essential newborn care plus thermostat; N/A, not available.</p

Community-based studies that describe type of care sought for ill or suspected ill neonates.

a<p>Percentage reported as a proportion of all neonates with an illness or suspected illness that were included in each study. Multiple responses regarding type of care sought were permitted, as described by included studies.</p><p>Abbreviations: C, control; ENC, essential newborn care; ENCT, essential newborn care plus thermostat; I, intervention; N/A, not available.</p

Quality of data regarding care seeking for ill or suspected ill neonates: summary of included studies.

<p>Abbreviations: N/A, not available.</p

Interrupted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modeling to estimate effects of IMESEVI and RS-10 interventions in Mexico and two targeted cities.

<p>SE: standard error; AR: autocorrelation with (#<i>p</i>) lags of autocorrelations; S: Seasonality; MA: Moving Average with (#<i>q</i>) lags of moving averages; IEPS: National alcohol production and distribution. *Denotes those values that are statistically significant at p<0.05.</p

WHO/HAI antibiotic pricing data for treatment of neonatal sepsis by WHO region.

<p>Total cost is estimated for the course of treating a 3 kg neonatal child for 10 days. For capsular formulation, the assumption was reconstitution in sterile water. For oral suspension 10% wastage was assumed.</p><p>For vials, a shelf life of 24 hours was assumed for ceftriaxone. The data were from 2001 to 2013, and were not adjusted for inflation.</p>a<p>Data based on national surveys from: AFR (<i>n</i> = 4), AMR (<i>n</i> = 1).</p>b<p>Data based on national surveys from: AFR (<i>n</i> = 8), AMR (<i>n</i> = 2), EMR (<i>n</i> = 9), SEAR (<i>n</i> = 4), WPR (<i>n</i> = 5).</p>c<p>Data based on national surveys from: AFR (<i>n</i> = 15), AMR (<i>n</i> = 9), EMR (<i>n</i> = 13), SEAR (<i>n</i> = 4), WPR (<i>n</i> = 5).</p>d<p>Data based on national surveys from: AFR (<i>n</i> = 15), AMR (<i>n</i> = 9), EMR (<i>n</i> = 13), SEAR (<i>n</i> = 3), WPR (<i>n</i> = 4).</p>e<p>Data based on national surveys from: AFR (<i>n</i> = 0), AMR (<i>n</i> = 1), EMR (<i>n</i> = 0), SEAR (<i>n</i> = 0), WPR (<i>n</i> = 0).</p><p>AFR, Africa; AMR, Americas; EMR, Eastern Mediterranean; SEAR, Southeast Asia; WPR, Western Pacific.</p><p>WHO/HAI antibiotic pricing data for treatment of neonatal sepsis by WHO region.</p