Agronomic aspects of two Physalis species as a function of Nitrogen fertilization

The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance.The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance

Evaluation of the seed coat darkening of carioca bean genotypes during storage

The Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a species of great nutritional and economic importance. The genotypes of the carioca group vary in relation to integument darkening speed, which is a determinant factor in their acceptability by the consumer market. The objective of this work was to characterize carioca-bean genotypes during q 120 day storage period under accelerated aging conditions. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of UTFPR - Pato Branco, in a randomized block design, with four replicates and ten genotypes: IPR Curió, BRS Estilo, IAC Emperor, BRSMG Madrepérola, IAC Milênio, BRS Requinte, ANFc 9, TAA Dama, Pearl and IPR Tangará. After physiological maturity the plots were plucked, trodden, dried and cleaned, then stored under accelerated aging conditions, at a temperature of 40ºC ± 3 and a relative humidity of 75% ± 3. Soon after the harvest and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, grain integument color was evaluated using the CIELab system, while the values for luminosity L *, chromaticity a * and b *, total color difference (ΔE *) and darkening index (IE), water absorption capacity during twelve hours of imbibition, mass of a thousand grains (MMG) and the total soluble proteins present in the integument of the grains were also evaluated. Additionally, a protein prediction model of carioca bean integument was constructed, using two different granulometries: bran and flour, using NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy). The preparation of the samples for NIRS consisted of the crushing of the whole grain in flour and bran. For the samples, two methods of prediction, Cross Validation and Test Set, were used to compare the two models and to evaluate the best prediction of protein contents. All evaluated genotypes were susceptible to integument darkening, but to different intensities. The values of luminosity presented decreases during storage, whereas the chromaticity a * and darkening index increased and the chromaticity b * decreased for the genotypes with lower luminosity values. The percentage of water uptake by the grains during the storage presented decreases for most of the evaluated genotypes. The chromaticity a * and b *, and water absorption capacity were the main contributors to the divergence between genotypes after storage. However, the genotypes with the highest darkening intensity were not always the ones with the lowest water absorption capacity. After 120 days of storage, BRSMG Madrepérola had the lowest ABS content, a lower chromaticity a * value and higher chromaticity b * value, while TAA Dama presented high values of b * chromaticity. BRS Estilo and IAC Milênio had a higher ABS content. For the construction of the prediction model, the granulometry denominated as flour was more efficient for the construction of the prediction algorithms, by generating more homogeneous spectra, and the prediction model that presented the best indexes was the Test Set.O feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma espécie de grande importância nutricional e econômica. Os genótipos do grupo carioca variam em relação à velocidade de escurecimento do tegumento, sendo um fator determinante para a aceitabilidade dos grãos pelo mercado consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar genótipos de feijão carioca durante 120 dias de armazenamento, sob condições de envelhecimento acelerado. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da UTFPR – Pato Branco, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e dez genótipos: IPR Curió, BRS Estilo, IAC Imperador, BRSMG Madrepérola, IAC Milênio, BRS Requinte, ANFc 9, TAA Dama, Pérola e IPR Tangará. Após maturidade fisiológica as parcelas foram arrancadas, trilhadas, secas e limpas, sendo armazenadas em condição de envelhecimento acelerado, com temperatura de 40ºC ±3 e umidade de 75% ±3. Logo após a colheita e aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento, os grãos foram avaliados quanto à coloração do tegumento em sistema CIELab, com os valores de luminosidade L*, cromaticidades a* e b*, diferença total de cor (ΔE*) e índice de escurecimento (IE), capacidade de absorção de água durante doze horas de embebição, massa de mil grãos (MMG) e quantificação de proteínas solúveis totais presente no tegumento dos grãos. Adicionalmente, foi realizada a construção de um modelo de predição proteica do tegumento para o feijão carioca, utilizando duas granulometrias distintas: farelo e farinha, utilizando o NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy). A preparação das amostras para o NIRS constituiu da trituração do grão inteiro em farinha e farelo. Para as amostras foram utilizados dois métodos de predição, o Cross Validation e o Test Set para comparação dos dois modelos e avaliação da melhor predição dos teores de proteína. Todos os genótipos avaliados são suscetíveis ao escurecimento do tegumento, porém com diferentes intensidades. Os valores de luminosidade apresentaram decréscimos durante o armazenamento, enquanto a cromaticidade a* e índice de escurecimento aumentaram e a cromaticidade b* diminuiu para os genótipos com valores inferiores de luminosidade. A percentagem de absorção de água pelos grãos durante o armazenamento apresentou decréscimos para a maior parte dos genótipos avaliados. Os caracteres cromaticidade a* e b* e a capacidade de absorção de água foram os que mais contribuíram para a divergência entre os genótipos após o armazenamento, porém nem sempre os genótipos que apresentaram maior intensidade de escurecimento foram os com menor capacidade de absorção de água. Após 120 dias de armazenamento, BRSMG Madrepérola apresentou o menor teor de ABS, e valor inferior de cromaticidade a* e superior de b*, TAA Dama apresentou valores elevados da cromaticidade b*. BRS Estilo e IAC Milênio apresentaram maior teor de ABS. Para a construção do modelo de predição, a granulometria denominada como farinha foi mais eficiente para a construção de algoritmos de predição, por gerar espectros mais homogêneos, sendo que o modelo de predição que apresentou melhores índices foi o Test Set

Agronomic aspects of two Physalis species as a function of Nitrogen fertilization

The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance

Establishment and content of sugars and phenols in Physalis callus obtained from different explants and concentrations of bap and naa - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v36i1.18074

Obtaining cells of Physalis pubescens is of interest for studies of primary and secondary metabolic pathways, in the search for new active molecules. Our objectives were to evaluate the regeneration potential of explants from different parts of the plant, growth regulators to be used, and the determination of the growth curve of the callus. We used explants of leaf, root, stem and petiole, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and a-naphthaleneacetic acid. The explants from stem and petiole had a higher regeneration potential of the shoot to the treatment with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine, and the explants of leave and root emitted more roots, with lower production of callus. The tests showed that the regeneration of the whole plant should be done in two steps: cultivation for shoot regeneration and transplantation to a new rooting medium. The growth of callus showed five distinct phases, with accumulation of phenols in the final stages of growth. The levels of soluble sugars increased with age, while reducing sugars showed variations, with higher concentrations in the initial stages of cultivation, with fall and rise again at the final evaluation (28th day).