Secular Trends in Americans’ Ecological, Economic, Human Health, and Socio-Cultural & Political Dimensions of a Sustainable Diet: 2019 to 2021

Repeat, cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the International Food Information Council (IFIC) 2019, 2020, and 2021 Food and Health Surveys were used to examine trends in consumer interest in sustainable diets. Between 2019 and 2021, the importance of purchasing food and drinks based on healthfulness, being antibiotic-free, hormone/steroid free, or locally sourced declined among Americans. In contrast, the importance of environmental sustainability and price in purchasing decisions remained consistent; however, low-income households reported slight declines in the impact of price. This knowledge could be used to encourage expanding sustainable options in the food system and enhance equity in access.</p

Change in height-for-age in 553 school-age children from Bogotá, Colombia, according to quartiles of LINE-1 DNA methylation¹.

1<p>Height-for-age Z-scores were determined using the World Health Organization growth reference for children 5–19 years <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-deOnis2" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p>2<p>For a test of linear trend when a variable that represented quartiles was introduced into a linear regression model as a continuous predictor (Wald test).</p>3<p>Values are mean ± SD.</p>4<p>Values are mean ± SE.</p>5<p>Adjusted for baseline age and socioeconomic status.</p

Change in adiposity indicators in 299 school-age girls from Bogotá, Colombia, according to quartiles of LINE-1 DNA methylation.

1<p>For a test of linear trend when a variable that represented the median value of each quartile was introduced into a linear regression model as a continuous predictor (Wald test).</p>2<p>According to the World Health Organization growth reference for children 5–19 years <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-deOnis2" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p>3<p>Values are means ± SD.</p>4<p>Values are means ± SE.</p>5<p>Adjusted for baseline age and socioeconomic status.</p>6<p>Age-standardized using the LMS method with data for boys 5–16 years of age in NHANES III <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-1" target="_blank">[32]</a>.</p>7<p>Subscapular-to-tricipital skinfold thickness ratio.</p

Characteristics of 553 school-age children from Bogotá, Colombia by quartiles of LINE-1 methylation¹.

1<p>Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise noted.</p>2<p>Total is <553 due to missing values.</p>3<p>According to the World Health Organization 2007 growth reference for children 5–19 years <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-deOnis2" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p>4<p>Stratum 1 of a maximum of 4, according to the local government classification for tax and planning purposes.</p

Change in adiposity indicators in 254 school-age boys from Bogotá, Colombia, according to quartiles of LINE-1 DNA methylation.

1<p>For a test of linear trend when a variable that represented the median value of each quartile was introduced into a linear regression model as a continuous predictor (Wald test).</p>2<p>According to the World Health Organization growth reference for children 5–19 years <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-deOnis2" target="_blank">[30]</a>.</p>3<p>Values are means ± SD.</p>4<p>Values are means ± SE.</p>5<p>Adjusted for baseline age and socioeconomic status.</p>6<p>Age-standardized using the LMS method with data for boys 5–16 years of age in NHANES III <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062587#pone.0062587-1" target="_blank">[32]</a>.</p>7<p>Subscapular-to-tricipital skinfold thickness ratio.</p

Study sample characteristics of children aged 6–59 months old from Greater Accra Region, Ghana, October-November 2018 (n = 262).

Study sample characteristics of children aged 6–59 months old from Greater Accra Region, Ghana, October-November 2018 (n = 262).</p

STROBE statement.

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Primer and probe sequences for qPCR detection of pathogen gene targets and assay performance characteristics.

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Adjusted associations between enteropathogen detection and symptoms of illness among children aged 6–59 months old in Greater Accra, Ghana.

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Correlation matrix between hemoglobin concentration, iron status biomarkers (SF and sTfR), and inflammatory biomarkers (CRP and AGP) among 262 children aged 6–59 months old in Greater Accra, Ghana.

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