One Metabolite, Two Pathways: Convergence of Polypropionate Biosynthesis in Fungi and Marine Molluscs

Structural similarity or even the identity of polyketide compounds does not necessarily imply unique biosynthesis. Feeding experiments with a 13C labeled precursor establish that the C3 units in 7-methyl-cyercene-1 (1) are derived from intact propionate in the marine mollusc Ercolania funerea. The same compound in the terrestrial fungus Leptosphaeria maculans/Phoma lingam is synthesized by an acetate/SAM pathway thus proving for the first time metabolic convergence of polyketide biosynthesis in eukaryotes. Traditional 1H–13C NMR correlation spectroscopy has been successfully applied to estimate 13C incorporation in biosynthetic experiments

Granuloside, A Unique Linear Homosesterterpene from the Antarctic Nudibranch Charcotia granulosa

A new homosesterterpene with a unique linear skeleton, named granuloside (<b>1</b>), has been fully characterized from the Antarctic nudibranch Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). The planar structure of <b>1</b> was determined by extensive spectroscopic techniques on the methyl derivatives (<b>1a</b> and <b>1b</b>), and the <i>R</i> absolute configuration at C-4 is suggested by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra of <b>1b</b>. Granuloside (<b>1</b>) is the first linear homosesterterpene skeleton ever reported and, despite the low molecular complexity, its chemical structure poses many questions about its biogenesis and origin in the nudibranch

Antifungal Amphidinol 18 and Its 7‑Sulfate Derivative from the Marine Dinoflagellate <i>Amphidinium carterae</i>

Two new polyketides of the amphidinol family, amphidinol 18 (AM18, <b>1</b>) and its corresponding 7-sulfate derivative (AM19, <b>2</b>), have been isolated from the MeOH extract of the dinoflagellate <i>Amphidinium carterae</i>. Structure elucidation of the two polyoxygenated molecules has been accomplished by extensive use of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. AM18 exhibited antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> at 9 μg/mL

Intra-day precision and accuracy in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.

<p>^an = 5.</p><p>^b[Standard deviation/ measured mean concentration] x 100.</p><p>^c[Measured mean concentration/ nominal concentration] x 100.</p><p>Intra-day precision and accuracy in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.</p

Linearity and Gro<i>P</i>Ins concentration in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts by internal standard calibration and standard addition method.

<p>^aAnalyses were performed in triplicate (n = 5). Values are expressed as mean ± SD.</p><p>Linearity and Gro<i>P</i>Ins concentration in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts by internal standard calibration and standard addition method.</p

Inter-day precision and accuracy in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.

<p>^an = 3 days with five replicates per day.</p><p>^b[Standard deviation/ measured mean concentration] x 100.</p><p>^c[Measured mean concentration/ nominal concentration] x 100.</p><p>Inter-day precision and accuracy in RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Lipidomic insights into the reaction of baking lipases in cakes.PDF

Lipases are promising improvers of cake batter and baking properties. Their suitability for use in various cake formulations cannot be predicted yet, because the reactions that lead to macroscopic effects need to be unravelled. Therefore, the lipidome of three different cake recipes with and without lipase treatment was assessed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after baking. By comparing the reaction patterns of seven different lipases in the recipes with known effects on texture, we show that lipase substrate specificity impacts baking quality. Key reactions for the recipes were identified with the help of principal component analysis. In the eggless basic cake, glyceroglycolipids are causal for baking improvement. In pound cake, lysoglycerophospholipids were linked to textural effects. Lipase substrate specificity was shown to be dependent on the recipe. Further research is needed to understand how recipes can be adjusted to achieve optimal lipase substrate specificity for desirable batter and baking properties.</p

Matrix effect in Raw 264.7, RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.

<p>^aEach point is based on five replicates.</p><p>Matrix effect in Raw 264.7, RBL-2H3 and Jurkat T-cell extracts.</p

Representative LC-MRM chromatogram of Gro<i>P</i>Ins and of the IS.

<p>(A) Cell extract of Raw264.7. (B) Cell extract of Raw 264.7 spiked with standard Gro<i>P</i>Ins.</p

Linearity of Gro<i>P</i>Ins and analyte concentration in Raw 264.7 cell extract.

<p>(A) Standard addition calibration in matrix. (B) Internal standard calibration in water. Error bars are expressed as SD.</p