A multiparameter analysis of a select repertoire of British punk rock of the first wave, 1976-1979

Thesis (M.Mus.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 1979, the year in which British punk came to an end, it has enjoyed prominence in cultural studies, both in the United Kingdom and abroad. The majority of serious academic discourse on punk has dealt almost exclusively with the cultural significance thereof, taking into account its political stance, its fashion sense, its attitude towards class, and its legacy in Britain. Although there is a considerable amount of literature written about punk rock, there have not yet been any publications that deal explicitly with the music itself. Musicology has still not applied itself satisfactorily to popular music. Instead, musicologists use a variety of existing methods to analyse popular music, but with varying degrees of success. It is important to have an applicable analytical method, but the analyst must know where to find meaning in popular music first. In this thesis I attempt to find the loci of meaning in punk rock in order to demonstrate the musical significance of this extraordinary music. The study begins with an analysis of political and social conditions in postwar Britain, with particular reference to the emergence of punk as youth subculture. This is followed by a comparative discussion of existing approaches to popular music study (and their respective strengths and weaknesses), at the end of which Philip Tagg's multiparameter model of analysis is identified as particularly satisfactory. This model is then used to pay particular attention to the two major solidifications of popular music, namely structure and transmission. Once the various loci of meaning in music as sounding object, i.e. music in performance, have been identified, particular examples of punk rock are subjected to a set of parametric analyses according to an extensive checklist of what Tagg calls "parameters of musical expression", also taking into account aspects of musical performance that cannot be captured by music notation. Based on the findings of the multiparameter analyses of twenty-six punk songs, the thesis is concluded with some general remarks regarding the misrepresentation of punk rock in the existing literature.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert 1979, die jaar waarin Britse punk tot 'n einde gekom het, beklee dit 'n prominente posisie in kulturele studies in die Verenigde Koninkryk, maar oak oorsee. Die meerderheid ernstige akademiese diskoerse oar punk het tot dusverfeitlik uitsluitlik gehandel oar die kulturele belang daarvan, met inbegrip van die politieke sieninge, die modesin, die houding teenoor klas, en die nalatenskap in Brittanje. Hoewel daar aansienlike literatuur bestaan met punk rock as onderwerp, is daar tot dusver nag geen publikasies wat die musiek op sigself bestudeer nie. Die Musiekweteskap het homself nag nie bevredigend toegespits op populere musiek nie. In plaas daarvan gebruik musiekwetenskaplikes 'n verskeidenheid bestaande metodes om populere musiek te analiseer, maar met gemengde welslae. Dit is belangrik om 'n toepaslike analitiese metode te he, maar eerstens moet die analis weet waar om betekenis in populere musiek op te spoor. In hierdie tesis poog ek om die ligging van betekenis in punk rock op te spoor, om sodoende die musikale beduidenis van hierdie uitsonderlike musiek te demonstreer. Die studie begin met 'n analise van die politieke en sosiale omstandighede in naoorlogse Brittanje, met besondere verwysing na die totstandkoming van punk as jeugsubkultuur. Hierop volg 'n vergelykende bespreking van bestaande benaderings tot die studie van populere musiek (en hul onderskeie sterk en swak punte), waarna Philip Tagg se veelparameter analitiese model as besonder bevredigend ge"identifiseer word. Hierdie model word dan gebruik om in die besonder aandag te skenk aan die twee hoofverwesenlikinge van populere musiek, naamlik struktuur en transmissie. Nadat die liggings van betekenis van musiek as klinkende objek, d.i. musiek in uitvoering, ge"identifiseer is, word spesifieke voorbeelde van punk rock onderwerp aan 'n stel parametriese analises, aan die hand van 'n uitgebreide oorsiglys van wat Tagg "parameters van musikale uitdrukking" noem, met inbegrip van aspekte van musiekuitvoering wat nie deur musieknotasie weergegee kan word nie. Op grand van die bevindinge van die veelparameter-analise van ses-en-twintig punkliedere, word die tesis afgesluit met enkele algemene opmerkings oar die wanvoorstelling van punk rock in die bestaande literatuur.Maste

Design, Construction and Evaluation of a Modified Tubular Linear Synchronous Motor

Student Number : 9306442N - PhD thesis - School of Electrical and Information Engineering - Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentThis thesis describes the design, construction and evaluation of a prototype modified tubular linear synchronous motor. The linear motor has a long static primary and a short permanent magnet mobile secondary. The design is unique in that a tubular topology has been modified to allow access to the moving secondary section. This modification means that this design can be used in long distance applications. The application for this research is the use of linear motors in rope-less vertical trans- portation systems in ultra deep level mines. The design of the linear motor has been analysed from an electrical, magnetic, mechanical and thermal perspective. Finite Element Analysis was used to predict the performance of the linear motor. The design of the secondary section has been optimised to produce the greatest possible thrust force while reducing the effects of the cogging forces. The linear motor has been tested extensively and the results correlate with theoretical predictions from the Finite Element Analysis. This project proves that the modified tubular lin- ear synchronous motor is a viable technology that can be used in rope-less vertical transportation systems

Production of bioethanol from multiple waste streams of rice milling

This work describes the feasibility of using rice milling by-products as feedstock for bioethanol. Starch-rich residues (rice bran, broken, unripe and discolored rice) were individually fermented (20% w/v) through Consolidated Bioprocessing by two industrial engineered yeast secreting fungal amylases. Rice husk (20% w/v), mainly composed by lignocellulose, was pre-treated at 55 degrees C with alkaline peroxide, saccharified through optimized dosages of commercial enzymes (Cellic (R) CTec2) and fermented by the recombinant strains. Finally, a blend of all the rice by-products, formulated as a mixture (20% w/v) according to their proportions at milling plants, were co-processed to ethanol by optimized pre-treatment, saccharification and fermentation by amylolytic strains. Fermenting efficiency for each by-product was high (above 88% of the theoretical) and further confirmed on the blend of residues (nearly 52 g/L ethanol). These results demonstrated for the first time that the co-conversion of multiple waste streams is a promising option for second generation ethanol production

Utilisation of wheat bran as a substrate for bioethanol production using recombinant cellulases and amylolytic yeast

Wheat bran, generated from the milling of wheat, represents a promising feedstock for the production of bioethanol. This substrate consists of three main components: starch, hemicellulose and cellulose. The optimal conditions for wheat bran hydrolysis have been determined using a recombinant cellulase cocktail (RCC), which contains two cellobiohydrolases, an endoglucanase and a beta-glucosidase. The 10% (w/v, expressed in terms of dry matter) substrate loading yielded the most glucose, while the 2% loading gave the best hydrolysis efficiency (degree of saccharification) using unmilled wheat bran. The ethanol production of two industrial amylolytic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, MEL2[TLG1-SFA1] and M2n [TLG1-SFA1], were compared in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for 10% wheat bran loading with or without the supplementation of optimised RCC. The recombinant yeasts. cerevisiae MEL2[TLG1-SFA1] and M2n[TLG1-SFA1] completely hydrolysed wheat bran's starch producing similar amounts of ethanol (5.3 +/- 0.14 g/L and 5.0 +/- 0.09 g/L, respectively). Supplementing SSF with RCC resulted in additional ethanol production of about 2.0 g/L. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the effectiveness of both RCC and engineered amylolytic strains in terms of cellulose and starch depolymerisatio

Developing Organisms for Consolidated Bioprocessing of Biomass to Ethanol

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The role of the dentist in the early detection of oral cancer

All patients, and especially high-risk patients, visiting their dentist should receive a thorough examination for the presence of potentially malignant disorders or early oral cancer. It is well documented that early detection significantly improves the 5-year survival rate of patients with oral cancer (90% for early and as low as 20% for late, diagnosis).http://www.sada.co.z

Early detection of oral cancer : who is responsible?

Oral squamous carcinoma or oral cancer (OC), as it is generally known, has an average five-year survival rate of less than 50%. This has not changed much in 50 years. The survival rate can be more than 90% with early diagnosis, but as low as 20%, if the lesion is diagnosed late.1,2 Early detection of oral cancer is therefore essential to improve the otherwise dismal five-year survival rate.http://www.sada.co.zaam2017Oral Pathology and Oral BiologyPeriodontics and Oral Medicin

Oral malodour

Oral malodour may affect up to three billion people worldwide, with millions of dollars spent on treatment. Halitosis is often used synonymously, but oral malodour is the preferred term for any bad breath emanating from the mouth. Oral causes account for the majority of bad breath cases. It is the objective of this article to review the causes, classification and treatment of oral malodour for health care workers.www.safpj.co.zahttp://www.safpj.co.z