Adubação e assimilação de nitrogênio em duas espécies de fisális

The genus Physalis belongs to the Solanaceae family and has about 120 species , widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions . Among extant species , we chose to work with Physalis peruviana and P. pubescens , the first due to its use for productive purposes , and second , to have potential for production , but not be exploited due to be considered a weed plant . Assuming there are no studies on fertilization for the two species and that this nutrient is one of the most limiting to the development and production of plants , the objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic aspects of plants of P. peruviana and P. pubescens and check the activity of nitrate reductase and chlorophyll contents of the two species under different nitrogen levels . The experimental evaluation of the agronomic aspects was developed in a greenhouse using two species of physalis , five N rates : 0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha- 1 and in all treatments were 600 and 300 kg ha- 1 P and K,respectively. The experiment contained 7 replications per treatment in a randomized design. The variables studied were plant height, dry matter of roots and shoots , number of branches , root length , production and average fruit weight . P. pubescens showed greater response to nitrogen for all variables except number of branches and dry weight of shoots, showing that this species has a large productive potential . In the second experiment, we evaluated the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of chlorophyll a, b and total by biochemical method and portable meter in two species subjected to three nitrogen levels: 0, 150 and 300 kg ha- 1 . The seedlings were placed in plastic cups with commercial substrate, which were added the respective doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ( 600 and 500 kg ha- 1 for all treatments ) , in addition to the variables described above was also performed protein analysis. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replications and analyzes were made one month after fertilization The increase of N caused an increase in the levels of chlorophyll and protein and reduced enzyme activity in both species, with the highest dose P. peruviana highest values obtained in all cases .O gênero Physalis pertence à família Solanaceae e apresenta cerca de 120 espécies, amplamente distribuídas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Entre as espécies existentes, optou-se por trabalhar com Physalis peruviana e P. pubescens, a primeira, devido ao seu uso para fins produtivos, e a segunda, por ter potencial para produção, mas não ser explorado devido à planta ser considerada como daninha. Levando em consideração que não há estudos sobre adubação nitrogenada para as duas espécies e que este nutriente é um dos mais limitantes para o desenvolvimento e produção das plantas, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar os aspectos agronômicos de plantas de P. peruviana e P. pubescens e verificar a atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e os teores de clorofila nas duas espécies sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio. O experimento de avaliação dos aspectos agronômicos foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação utilizando 2 espécies de fisális, 5 doses de N: 0, 200, 250, 300 e 350 kg ha-1 e em todos os tratamentos foram utilizados 600 e 300 kg ha-1 de P e K respectivamente. O experimento continha 7 repetições por tratamento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As variáveis analisadas foram altura de plantas, matéria seca de raiz e parte aérea, número de ramos, comprimento de raízes, produção média e peso de frutos. P. pubescens apresentou maior resposta ao nitrogênio para todas as variáveis com exceção do número de ramos e matéria seca de parte aérea, mostrando que esta espécie possui um grande potencial produtivo. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se a atividade da enzima nitrato redutase e os teores de clorofilas a, b e total através do método bioquímico e por medidor portátil, nas duas espécies submetidas a 3 doses de nitrogênio: 0, 150 e 300 kg ha-1. As mudas foram colocadas em copos plásticos com substrato comercial, onde foram adicionadas as respectivas doses de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (600 e 500 kg ha-1 para todos os tratamentos), além das variáveis acima descritas também foi realizada a análise de proteínas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 6 repetições e as análises foram feitas um mês após a adubação. O incremento de N ocasionou um aumento nos teores de clorofilas e proteínas totais e redução da atividade enzimática em ambas as espécies, sendo que na maior dose P. peruviana obteve os maiores valores em todos os casos

Agronomic aspects of two Physalis species as a function of Nitrogen fertilization

The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance.The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance

Effects of aging and the body mass index on male sex hormones: a cross-sectional study in 701 Brazilian men

Fundamentos: Alguns estudos indicam que o índice de massa corporal (IMC) é inversamente proporcional à concentração de testosterona sérica em homens Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito do envelhecimento e da obesidade na testosterona biodisponível total e livre, bem como nos níveis de hormônio luteinizante e globulina ligadora de hormônio sexual. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal abordando o perfil clínico e laboratorial de 701 pacientes atendidos em uma clínica privada de urologia em Ponta Grossa, Brasil, de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. Resultados: A idade dos pacientes variou de 16 a 88 anos (média de 56,9 ± 13,62 anos). A idade não influenciou significativamente as concentrações séricas de testosterona total, exceto quando comparada a pacientes com mais de 70 anos. No entanto, foi observada diferença na testosterona livre e biodisponível (p <0,05). A média de globulina de ligação aos hormônios sexuais aumentou com a idade (p <0,05). Embora uma tendência à elevação da luteinização tenha sido observada em pacientes mais idosos, ela não foi significativa. Relação inversa entre testosterona total, livre e biodisponível e taxa de deficiência de testosterona (testosterona total <300 ng / dL) foi observada dentro dos grupos de índice de massa corporal (p <0,05). A taxa de deficiência de testosterona em indivíduos com índice de massa corporal normal foi de 21,5%, indivíduos com sobrepeso foi de 29% e em indivíduos com obesidade foi de 37%. Conclusões: O envelhecimento afetou a concentração de testosterona em homens, mais evidente ao avaliar testosterona livre e biodisponível em vez de testosterona total. A globulina de ligação aos hormônios sexuais aumentou com a idade. A obesidade foi associada à redução da testosterona total, livre e biodisponível e ao aumento da taxa de hipogonadismo.Propósitos: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto del envejecimiento y la obesidad sobre la testosterona biodisponible total libre, así como los niveles de hormona luteinizante y globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales.Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal que aborda los perfiles clínicos y de laboratorio de 701 pacientes tratados en una clínica de urología privada en Ponta Grossa, Brasil, desde enero de 2016 hasta diciembre de 2018.Resultados: La edad de los pacientes varió de 16 a 88 años (media 56,9 ± 13,62 años). La edad no influyó significativamente en las concentraciones séricas de testosterona total, excepto cuando se comparó con pacientes mayores de 70 años. Sin embargo, se observó una diferencia en la testosterona libre y biodisponible (p <0.05). La globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales media aumentó con la edad (p <0,05). Aunque se observó una tendencia a la elevación luteinizante en pacientes mayores, no fue estadísticamente significativa. Se observó una relación inversa entre la testosterona total, libre y biodisponible y la tasa de deficiencia de testosterona (testosterona total <300 ng / dL) dentro de los grupos de índice de masa corporal (p <0,05). La tasa de deficiencia de testosterona en personas con índice de masa corporal normal fue del 21,5%, las personas con sobrepeso fue del 29% y en las personas con obesidad fue del 37%.Conclusiones: El envejecimiento afectó la concentración de testosterona en los hombres, más evidente cuando se usa testosterona libre y biodisponible en lugar de testosterona total. La globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales aumenta con la edad. La obesidad se asoció con una reducción de la testosterona total, libre y biodisponible y una mayor tasa de hipogonadismo.Background: Some studies indicated that body mass index (BMI) is inversely proportional to serum testosterone concentrations in men. Purposes: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aging and obesity on total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of 701 patients treated at a private urology clinic in Ponta Grossa, Brazil, from January 2016 to December 2018. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 16 to 88 years (mean, 56.9 ± 13.62 years). Age did not significantly influence serum TT concentrations, except compared to patients aged >70 years. However, changes were observed in FT and BT (p < 0.05). The mean SHBG increased with age (p < 0.05). A tendency toward LH elevation was observed in older patients, but it was not statistically significant. An inverse proportional relationship between TT, FT, and BT and the testosterone deficiency rate (TT < 300 ng/dL) was observed within BMI groups (p < 0.05). The testosterone deficiency rate was 21.5% in individuals with normal BMI, 29% in overweight individuals, and 37% in obese individuals. Conclusions: Aging affected the testosterone concentrations in men and became increasingly evident using FT and BT instead of TT. SHBG increased with age. Obesity was associated with a decrease in TT, FT, and BT but also increased the rate of hypogonadism

A rede de proteção e cuidado a crianças e adolescentes do município de Betim/MG e os desafios do enfrentamento ao uso abusivo de crack, álcool e outras drogas

O objetivo do estudo foi contribuir para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em rede intersetorial e interdisciplinar por meio da realização de um diagnóstico situacional de uma rede de cuidados e da aplicação da Formação Cruzada como estratégia para ampliar o conhecimento dos atores dessa rede em relação ao seu fazer quotidiano e possível fortalecimento da rede. O método empregado foi a pesquisa-ação. Constatou-se falta de articulação da rede e pouca expertise na abordagem da problemática, tendo na intersetorialidade um de seus principais desafios. A Formação Cruzada apresenta-se como uma ferramenta estratégica no compartilhamento de informações sobre o cuidado da criança e do adolescente na rede de atenção. Aponta-se que a construção de estratégias para o manejo de impasses em relação à demanda do município estudado se faz necessária, considerando a participação dos atores envolvidos.Palavras-chave: Abuso de drogas; Criança; Adolescente; Intersetorialidade; Educação continuad

A rede de proteção e cuidado a crianças e adolescentes do município de Betim/MG e os desafios do enfrentamento ao uso abusivo de crack, álcool e outras drogas

O objetivo do estudo foi contribuir para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em rede intersetorial e interdisciplinar por meio da realização de um diagnóstico situacional de uma rede de cuidados e da aplicação da Formação Cruzada como estratégia para ampliar o conhecimento dos atores dessa rede em relação ao seu fazer quotidiano e possível fortalecimento da rede. O método empregado foi a pesquisa-ação. Constatou-se falta de articulação da rede e pouca expertise na abordagem da problemática, tendo na intersetorialidade um de seus principais desafios. A Formação Cruzada apresenta-se como uma ferramenta estratégica no compartilhamento de informações sobre o cuidado da criança e do adolescente na rede de atenção. Aponta-se que a construção de estratégias para o manejo de impasses em relação à demanda do município estudado se faz necessária, considerando a participação dos atores envolvidos.Palavras-chave: Abuso de drogas; Criança; Adolescente; Intersetorialidade; Educação continuad

Effects of aging and the body mass index on male sex hormones: a cross-sectional study in 701 Brazilian men

Background: Some studies indicated that body mass index (BMI) is inversely proportional to serum testosterone concentrations in men. Purposes: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aging and obesity on total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), luteinizing hormone (LH), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the clinical and laboratory profiles of 701 patients treated at a private urology clinic in Ponta Grossa, Brazil, from January 2016 to December 2018. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 16 to 88 years (mean, 56.9 ± 13.62 years). Age did not significantly influence serum TT concentrations, except compared to patients aged >70 years. However, changes were observed in FT and BT (p < 0.05). The mean SHBG increased with age (p < 0.05). A tendency toward LH elevation was observed in older patients, but it was not statistically significant. An inverse proportional relationship between TT, FT, and BT and the testosterone deficiency rate (TT < 300 ng/dL) was observed within BMI groups (p < 0.05). The testosterone deficiency rate was 21.5% in individuals with normal BMI, 29% in overweight individuals, and 37% in obese individuals. Conclusions: Aging affected the testosterone concentrations in men and became increasingly evident using FT and BT instead of TT. SHBG increased with age. Obesity was associated with a decrease in TT, FT, and BT but also increased the rate of hypogonadism

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Composición bioquímica y vigor de las semillas de soja en diferentes condiciones de envejecimiento acelerado

Resumen El deterioro de las semillas es un proceso natural y envuelve la interacción de cambios de citológicos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos y físicos que ocasionan la pérdida de vigor y viabilidad. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de diferentes soluciones en ensayo de envejecimiento acelerado de semillas de soja en la movilización de las reservas, la germinación y rendimiento temprano de las plántulas. Se utilizaron 200 semillas por tratamiento, que consistieran en el control (sin envejecimiento), solución tradicional (agua destilada), solución salina (1,8 M) y solución salina saturada (6,8 M). Los vasos fueran incubados a 41 °C durante 24, 48 y 72 horas. La germinación disminuyó con el tiempo de incubación y aumento de la concentración de NaCl, mientras que la conductividad eléctrica aumentó. Los niveles de azúcares totales, azúcares reductores y proteínas aumentaron con el tratamiento tradicional después de 24 horas. El tratamiento con solución salina saturada presentó una mayor acumulación de peso fresco de las plántulas a los 14 días. Se concluye que en el caso de la soja el uso de solución salina saturada tuve efectos más graves en comparación con el envejecimiento tradicional de semillas. A deterioração das sementes é um processo natural e envolve a interação de mudanças citológicas, fisiológicas, bioquímicas e físicas, resultando na perda de vigor e viabilidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes soluções no teste do envelhecimento acelerado de sementes de soja sobre a mobilização de reservas, germinação e o desempenho inicial das plântulas. Foram utilizadas 200 sementes por tratamento que consistiram de testemunha (sem envelhecimento), solução tradicional (água destilada), solução salina (1,8 M) e solução salina saturada (6,8 M). Os recipientes foram incubados a 41 °C, durante 24, 48 e 72 horas. A germinação diminuiu com o tempo de incubação e aumento da concentração de NaCl, enquanto a condutividade elétrica aumentou. Os teores de açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e proteínas aumentaram com o tratamento tradicional, após 24 horas. O tratamento com solução salina saturada foi o que resultou no maior acúmulo de matéria fresca de plântulas aos 14 dias. Conclui-se que no caso da soja a utilização da solução salina saturada teve efeitos mais severos em relação ao envelhecimento tradicional de sementes.AbstractThe deterioration of the seeds is a natural process and involves the interaction of cytological, physiological, biochemical, and physical changes, resulting in the loss of vigor and viability. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different solutions in the accelerated aging test of soybean seeds on the mobilization of reserves, germination, and early seedling performance. Two hundred seeds were used for treatment that consisted of witness (without aging), traditional solution (distilled water), saline solution (1.8 M), and saturated saline solution (6.8 M). The containers were incubated at 41° C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Germination reduced with the incubation time and increasing the concentration of NaCl, while the electrical conductivity increased. The concentration of total and reducing sugars, and proteins have increased with the traditional treatment, after 24 hours. Treatment with saturated saline solution was what resulted in the largest accumulation of fresh matter of seedlings to 14 days. It is concluded that in the case of soybeans, the use of saturated saline solution had the severest effects in relation to the traditional aging seeds.

Agronomic aspects of two Physalis species as a function of Nitrogen fertilization

The cultivation of small fruits has been increasing with good economic returns, and among these, the genus Physalis has been an important alternative source of income due to the high value and possibility of cultivation in small areas. However, there is not established fertilization for this crop and considering that nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for the growth and development of plants, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic aspects of two species of Physalis submitted to different N doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, using two species (Physalis pubescens and P. peruviana) and five N doses (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 kg ha-1), and seven replications. The plant height, dry mass of aerial part and roots, the number of branches, root length, yield and average fruit mass were evaluated. In these experimental conditions, it was observed that for P. peruviana the dose of 250 kg ha-1 N resulted in a greater yield of fruit per plant, as for P. pubescens the dose of 350 kg ha-1 N showed a more efficient performance

Establishment and content of sugars and phenols in Physalis callus obtained from different explants and concentrations of bap and naa - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v36i1.18074

Obtaining cells of Physalis pubescens is of interest for studies of primary and secondary metabolic pathways, in the search for new active molecules. Our objectives were to evaluate the regeneration potential of explants from different parts of the plant, growth regulators to be used, and the determination of the growth curve of the callus. We used explants of leaf, root, stem and petiole, cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine and a-naphthaleneacetic acid. The explants from stem and petiole had a higher regeneration potential of the shoot to the treatment with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine, and the explants of leave and root emitted more roots, with lower production of callus. The tests showed that the regeneration of the whole plant should be done in two steps: cultivation for shoot regeneration and transplantation to a new rooting medium. The growth of callus showed five distinct phases, with accumulation of phenols in the final stages of growth. The levels of soluble sugars increased with age, while reducing sugars showed variations, with higher concentrations in the initial stages of cultivation, with fall and rise again at the final evaluation (28th day).