Reshaping the teaching of anatomy: tensions affecting the introductory undergraduate course

Este artigo pretende iniciar a discussão da condição curricular da Anatomia Humana nos cursos médicos da atualidade frente a tensões que incidem sobre ela, que a podem estar levando a uma crise de manutenção de seu status sociocurricular. Baseamo-nos na análise bibliográfica e documental, conjugando as teorias sócio-históricas da construção dos currículos e disciplinas, a construção da Anatomia nos currículos médicos e condições gerais de apresentação da disciplina nestes currículos para elencarmos quatro tensões para a discussão: introdução de novas propostas de ensino-aprendizado; relação anatomia ensinada, anatomia pesquisada; expansão do ensino; reconfiguração do campo de inserção. Nossa análise nos leva a assinalar uma crise na retórica legitimadora da disciplina, com consequente redução do grau de importância sociocurricular e possível cristalização disciplinar.This article aims to launch a discussion on the current undergraduate course curriculum in Human Anatomy and the tensions affecting it, which could be placing the course's social and curricular status in jeopardy. Our study is based on a literature review and document analysis, combining social and historical theories with the development of course curricula and disciplines, Human Anatomy in medical curricula, and the general conditions in which this course is presented in curricula, in order to list four tensions for discussion: introduction of new teaching-learning proposals; the relationship between anatomy as taught and anatomy as research; the expansion of teaching; and reshaping the field for inclusion of anatomy. Our analysis reveals a crisis in the underlying rhetoric of the course, resulting in a reduction in its social and curricular importance and a possible crystallization of the discipline

Reading Literacy in EU Countries: Evidences from PIRLS

In this report we used data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2011 in order to identify the school, class and individual student background factors that explain reading literacy achievement. We aim to identify the factors associated with achievement at different levels of analysis, both at the EU level and at the individual country level using a multilevel model. Additionally, we intend to establish trends in students reading achievement by comparing PIRLS 2006 and PIRLS 2011 cycles. For the data from 2011 we found that our aggregated model explains 37% of the variance in students’ achievement and that the variables with the highest impact on students´ overall reading score relate to home resources and practices, students´ attitudes toward reading and pre-reading knowledge. Moreover, the results of the country-level analysis indicate that the variables with the strongest influence on students’ reading performance are the same, despite of the wide variation across countries in terms of their magnitude due to the characteristics of each country. Furthermore, these findings are in line with the previous analysis performed for PIRLS 2006 (Araújo & Costa, 2012). Our results have important policy implications as they show which factors can be addressed by policy measures to improve students´ achievement.JRC.DDG.01-Econometrics and applied statistic

Informação estratégica para negócios na indústria nacional de compensados

Orientador: Lígia Leindorf Bartz KraemerMonografia(Graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Curso de Gestão da Informaçã

Analysis of epistemic practices in reports of higher education students groups in carrying out the inquiry-based activity of immunology

International audiencePractical classes in immunology are important to assist the learning of abstract theoretical concepts of biological phenomena learned in the classroom. Here, our proposal was the qualitative characterization of epistemic practices. Analysis of the results obtained from the investigative activities showed that student groups mobilize a huge variety of epistemic practices during reports writing, for example, to predict, conclude, name, describe, explain, opine, and the use of theoretical data for reviewing and evaluating the consistency of the data observed. A better understanding of these interactions can help in the teaching of Immunology classes for undergraduate students of life sciences and health courses

Analysis of epistemic practices in reports of higher education students groups in carrying out the inquiry-based activity of immunology

International audiencePractical classes in immunology are important to assist the learning of abstract theoretical concepts of biological phenomena learned in the classroom. Here, our proposal was the qualitative characterization of epistemic practices. Analysis of the results obtained from the investigative activities showed that student groups mobilize a huge variety of epistemic practices during reports writing, for example, to predict, conclude, name, describe, explain, opine, and the use of theoretical data for reviewing and evaluating the consistency of the data observed. A better understanding of these interactions can help in the teaching of Immunology classes for undergraduate students of life sciences and health courses

O uso da informação do ambiente no processo de decisão estratégica de empresários brasileiros e americanos de pequenas empresas

This study aims to understand the practices of Brazilian and American small and medium enterprises with regard to the use of environmental information in the strategic decision-making process. Some aspects were studied in depth: description of the activities performed by these business owners regarding the environmental information and analysis of the differences and similarities between the practices of business owners in the two countries. The research is of an exploratory nature, with a qualitative approach that used the mapping of experiences as a method. The results suggest that both Brazilians and Americans sought to use information from the environment as an aid in the process of strategic decision-making. Some differences were noticed between Brazilian and American practices: the use of intuition, the sharing with family members and the dissemination of environmental information among team members. This study may contribute to the competitiveness of smaller companies in Brazil, which are still susceptible to a high mortality rate.Keywords: environmental information, strategic decision, small and medium enterprises, Brazilian and Americans business owners.Este estudo busca entender as práticas de pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras e americanas no que diz respeito ao uso de informações do ambiente durante o processo de tomada de decisão estratégica. Alguns aspectos foram estudados em maior profundidade: descrição das atividades realizadas pelos proprietários com foco nas informações do ambiente e na análise das diferenças e similaridades entre as práticas dos empresários dos dois países investigados. A pesquisa possui natureza exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como método o levantamento de experiências. Os achados sugerem que tanto brasileiros quanto americanos buscam utilizar as informações do ambiente como essenciais no processo de tomada de decisão estratégica.Algumas diferenças foram notadas ao se comparar a prática entre brasileiros e americanos: o uso da intuição, o compartilhamento com os membros da família e a disseminação das informações com a equipe de trabalho. Esse estudo poderá contribuir com a competitividade de pequenas empresas no Brasil, ainda sujeitas a altos índices de mortalidade.Palavras-chave: informação do ambiente, decisão estratégica, pequenas e médias empresas, proprietários brasileiros e americanos

Predictors of Acute Postsurgical Pain After Inguinal Hernioplasty

Acute postsurgical pain (APSP) is a common and anticipated problem after surgery with detrimental consequences if not appropriately managed. This study examined the independent and joint contribution of presurgical demographic, clinical, and psychological variables as predictors of APSP intensity, evaluated using an 11-point numeric rating scale, after inguinal hernioplasty, one of the most performed surgeries worldwide. In a prospective observational cohort study, a consecutive sample of 135 men undergoing hernioplasty was assessed before and 48 hours after surgery. When adjusted for depression, helplessness, and magnification scores, a multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that younger age (beta = .247, P < .005), previous chronic pain (beta = .175, P < .05), presurgical anxiety (beta = .235, P < .05), and the rumination component of pain catastrophizing (beta = .222, P < .05) were significant predictors of APSP intensity. The integrative predictive model found in this study revealed the simultaneous influence that demographic, clinical, and psychological factors have on APSP after inguinal hernioplasty. Therefore, these results improve knowledge on APSP predictors after inguinal hernioplasty and highlight potential modifiable intervention targets, such as anxiety and pain catastrophizing (rumination), for the design of interventions focused on APSP prevention and management. Hence, taken together, these findings lend support for the inclusion of presurgical screening and psychological interventions among surgical patients at risk for higher APSP intensity. Perspective: This study found that, when adjusted for depression, helplessness, and magnification scores, the variables younger age, previous chronic pain, presurgical anxiety, and the rumination component of pain catastrophizing are significant predictors of APSP intensity after inguinal hernioplasty. These findings improve knowledge on APSP and highlight potential modifiable intervention targets for the design of interventions focused on APSP prevention and managementThis work was supported by a grant (SFRH/BPD/103529/2014) from the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Arrendamento e acesso a terra no Brasil

Orientador: Antonio Marcio BuainainDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de EconomiaResumo: Em vários países o desajuste entre a demanda e a disponibilidade de terras ociosas foi parcialmente reduzido por meio de diversas formas de cessão do uso da terra (por exemplo, arrendamento e parceria). No Brasil, apesar da coexistência de terras ociosas e de produtores sem (ou com terra insuficiente) para produzir, o arrendamento fundiário não se isseminou nem se consolidou como alternativa de acesso à terra. O objetivo central desta dissertação é analisar a dinâmica do mercado de arrendamento fundiário no Brasil, buscando identificar seus principais determinantes, institucionais e econômicos, assim como as falhas que afetam seu funcionamento. Parte-se da hipótese básica que o quadro institucional coloca entraves ao funcionamento do mercado fundiário, especialmente dos contratos envolvendo produtores mais pobres. Os proprietários não estariam interessados em correr riscos relacionados aos contratos com garantias precárias. Haveria ainda o risco de desapropriação para fins de reforma agrária de terras arrendadas e de inadimplência, uma vez que os arrendatários sofrem restrições aos mercados de insumos, serviços e, principalmente, financeiro. O estudo analisa um conjunto de hipóteses extraídas da literatura econômica para explicar as falhas de mercado. Está baseado na experiência dos Programas Municipais de Arrendamento de Terras na Região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba. Conclui-se que mudanças nos direitos de propriedade poderiam beneficiar os arrendatários e os proprietários que estão sujeitos aregimes de propriedade ambíguos ou adversos. A redefinição desses direitos geraria os incentivos e a segurança necessários tanto para os proprietários arrendarem suas terras sem risco de perdê-Ias como para os produtores arrendatários realizarem investimentos mais arriscados e de longa maturação suficientes para atingir um nível de rendimento compatível com o pagamento da renda fundiária e a retenção de um excedenteAbstract: In many countries the desagreement between the demand and the avaliability of inoccupation lands was partly reduced by several ways of surrender of effects or transfer of ownerships, like rent ou partnership. Although in Brazil exist a coexistence of inoccupation lands and people with or withoutenough lands to produce. The agrarian lease lands doesn't diffused and consolidated eithe such as an altemative of accesse to lands. The central objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the agrarian lease lands market in Brazil, trying to identify its mainly economical and institucional determinants as well as the defects that affect its functioning. The study begings by the fundamental hypothesis that the institucional chart placed impediments at the lease lands market functioning, especially about the agreements envoluing poorly people. The landlords are n't interested in risks relationed to the agreements with precarious guarentee. Exist also to risk about the dispossession for agrarian reform of land leases and breach of contract at a time that the lease-holders suffer restriction into the raw material and service market and principally financier. This study also analyze a set of hypothesis reproduced at economicalliterature to explain some market defects basis on an experiences in Municipal Land Lease Programs at Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba areas. It follows that the changes refering to property rights could benefit the lease-holders and landlords who are submilted to an ambigous property administration or adverse. The redefinition about those rights may be given the incentive and security necessaries as much as the landlords can lease its lands without risks of loosing them and the lease lands producers can make investiments toa risky and with a long maturation, enough to reach a level of efficiency compatible to the payment of the agrarian income and the retention of an excessoMestradoEconomia Agricola e AgrariaMestre em Desenvolvimento Econômic

A escrita em cena: as estratégias metaficcionais em livro, de José Luís Peixoto

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como o romance Livro, de José Luís Peixoto, revela-se um texto metaficcional, portanto autorreflexivo e narcisista, por meio de um intenso trabalho com e na linguagem. Para a realização de tal intento, propõe-se a investigar as estratégias metaficcionais nele presentes, bem como evidenciar o diálogo estabelecido entre o uso de tais estratégias e o contexto histórico-social em que se insere a obra. Organizado em três capítulos, o presente estudo apresenta, inicialmente, uma breve exposição acerca da produção de Peixoto, abordando suas obras, referências e destacando sua importância no contexto da Literatura Portuguesa Contemporânea. A seguir, demonstra-se como o romance constitui-se em uma metaficção, apresentando-se as estratégias metaficcionais nele presentes: a recorrência à intertextualidade, os comentários acerca do fazer literário, bem como a (con)fluência entre o discurso ficcional e crítico que se entretecem no romance. Finalmente, evidencia-se o diálogo da produção ficcional de José Luís Peixoto com o atual contexto literário português, marcado pela denúncia da impotência da palavra, mas, ao mesmo tempo, pela necessidade de seu irremediável emprego. Para a realização do estudo, recorremos, essencialmente, ao conceito de metaficção, desenvolvido por autores como Linda Hutcheon, Patricia Waugh e Gustavo Bernardo, autores que, mais do que evidenciarem uma definição do termo, apontam para a relação entre essa ficção que desnuda a si própria e o contexto da contemporaneidade. Considerando-se o fato de que o trabalho com a linguagem é tema central do romance e, ao mesmo tempo, princípio básico de sua construção, o presente trabalho visa, assim, a destacar os aspectos temáticos e estruturais de Livro, e a apontar para o retrato do homem e do mundo contemporâneo, repleto de simulacros e da existência da impotência da palavraThis study aims to determine how the novel Livro, written by José Luís Peixoto, proves to be a metafictional text, therefore a self-reflexive and narcissist one, through the intensive work with and in language. To carry out this intention, it is proposed to investigate the metafictional strategies present in the book, as well to emphasize the dialogue established between the use of these strategies and the socio-historical context in which appears the novel. Organized in three chapters, this study initially presents a brief statement about Peixoto’s production, addressing his works, references and highlighting its importance in the context of Contemporary Portuguese Literature. After that, the study shows how the novel constitutes itself as a metafiction, pointing the metafictional strategies present in it: the recurrence to intertextuality, the comments about the literary work as well as the (con)fluency between the fictional discourse and critical that are interwoven in the novel. Ultimately, it emphasizes the dialogue of fictional production of José Luís Peixoto with the current portuguese literary context, marked by the complaint about the impotence of the word, but, at the same time, the need for their irremediable use. For the study, it was used essentially the concept of metafiction developed by authors such as Linda Hutcheon, Patricia Waugh and Gustavo Bernardo, authors which, more than clarifying a definition of the term, point to the relation between this fiction that bare itself and the contemporary context. Considering the fact that working with the language is the central theme of the novel and, at the same time, the basic principle of its construction, the present study therefore aims to highlight the thematic and structural aspects of Livro and point the portrait of the man and the contemporary world, full of simulations and the existence of the impotence of the wor