Base-Promoted Ring-Opening Hydroxylation of Cyclic Sulfonium Salts

Herein, we reported a general strategy for the synthesis of sulfur-containing primary alcohol derivatives by base-promoted ring-opening hydroxylation of cyclic sulfonium salts. A variety of sulfonium salts were successfully transformed into the desired hydroxylated products in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the one-pot synthesis, scale-up reaction, and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules demonstrated the practicability of this synthetic protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry

Donor–Acceptor Structure-Dependent Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Accurate Uranium Detection in Drinking Water

As is known to all, uranium is regarded as an important hazardous element in drinking water and extremely limited by the World Health Organization. To realize the accurate monitoring of uranyl in drinking water, an efficient strategy for designing an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor with a low ECL potential as well as high sensitivity and selectivity is reported in this work. In detail, a donor–acceptor type structure is built in polymer dots (Pdots) to obtain a low ECL potential and long-wavelength absorbance waves to give a resonance energy transfer process from uranyl to Pdots, which is beneficial for developing a uranyl ECL sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity. The obtained Pdots are modified with ssDNA chains to be prepared into a uranyl sensor, which gives a quite low limit of detection of 6.4 ng/L as well as excellent selectivity. Furthermore, an accurate determination is then realized in practical tap water samples. This work provides a novel strategy for designing efficient ECL sensors for trace uranyl ion monitoring in drinking water, indicating its significance in environmental and public security fields

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Analysis of the Effects of <i>N</i>¹- and <i>N</i>⁶‑Methyldeoxyadenosine Adducts on DNA Transcription

DNA methylation can occur naturally or be induced by various environmental and chemotherapeutic agents. The regioisomeric N1- and N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (1mdA and 6mdA, respectively) represent an important class of methylated DNA adducts. In this study, we developed a shuttle vector- and next-generation sequencing-based assay to quantitatively assess the effects of 1mdA and 6mdA on the accuracy and efficiency of DNA transcription. Our results revealed that 1mdA can induce multiple types of mutant transcripts and strongly inhibit DNA transcription, whereas 6mdA is a nonmutagenic DNA adduct that can exhibit a subtle but significant inhibitory effect on DNA transcription in vitro and in human cells. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair pathway is dispensable for the removal of 1mdA and 6mdA from the template DNA strand in human cells. These findings provided new important insights into the functional interplay between DNA methylation modifications and transcription in mammalian cells

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Analysis of the Roles of DNA Polymerases ν and θ in the Replicative Bypass of 8‑Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in Human Cells

DNA polymerase (Pol) ν and Pol θ are two specialized A-family DNA polymerases that function in the translesion synthesis of certain DNA lesions. However, the biological functions of human Pols ν and θ in cellular replicative bypass of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), an important carcinogenesis-related biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, remain unclear. Herein, we showed that depletion of Pols ν and θ in human cells could cause an elevated hypersensitivity to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Using next-generation sequencing-based lesion bypass and mutagenesis assay, we further demonstrated that Pols ν and θ had important roles in promoting translesion synthesis of 8-oxoG in human cells. We also found that the depletion of Pol ν, but not Pol θ, caused a substantial reduction in G → T mutation frequency for 8-oxoG. These findings provided novel insights into the involvement of A-family DNA polymerases in oxidative DNA damage response

Study of Low- and Intermediate-Temperature Oxidation Kinetics of Diethyl Ether in a Supercritical Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactor

Growing demand for low-emission and high-efficiency propulsion systems spurs interest in understanding low-temperature and ultra-high-pressure combustion of alternative biofuels like diethyl ether (DEE). In this study, DEE oxidation experiments are performed at 10 and 100 atm, over a temperature range of 400–900 K, at fuel-lean, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich conditions by using a supercritical pressure jet-stirred reactor (SP-JSR). The experimental data show that DEE is very reactive and exhibits an uncommon low-temperature oxidation behavior with two negative temperature coefficient (NTC) zones. The first NTC zone is mainly governed by the competition reactions of QOOH + O2 = O2QOOH and QOOH = 2CH3CHO + OH, while the second one is mainly governed by the competition reactions of R + O2 = RO2 and the β-scission reaction of fuel radical R. It is shown that the increase of pressure stabilizes RO2 and promotes HO2 chemistry. Moreover, the branching ratios of β-scission reactions of R and QOOH decrease. As a result, it is shown that, with the increase of pressure, both NTC zones become weaker at 100 atm. In addition, the intermediate-temperature oxidation is shifted considerably to lower temperature at 100 atm. The existing DEE model in the literature well predicts the experimental data at low temperature; however, it underpredicts the fuel consumptions at intermediate temperature. The H2/O2 subset in the existing DEE model is updated in this study based on the Princeton updated HP-Mech, including the singlet/triplet competing channels of HO2 related reactions. The updated model improves the overall predictability of key species, especially at intermediate temperature

Identification of Ultraviolet Photoinduced Presolvated Electrons in Water as the Reducing Agent in the Photoreduction of Graphene Oxide

Light-induced reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is a promising and an ingenious way of producing reduced GO (rGO) because it avoids the use of harsh chemicals. However, to date, the physicochemical mechanisms underlying photoreduction remain controversial. For example, there is no consensus on whether GO is reduced in water via direct excitation using ultraviolet (UV) laser light or via radiologically produced solvated electrons. Because of the photoinduced solvated electrons, the excited state of GO exhibits similar electronic absorption responses in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range; therefore, distinguishing GO photoreduction dynamics from solvated electron dynamics via transient electronic absorption techniques is challenging. In this work, we used femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) to understand the ultrafast photoreduction dynamics of GO dispersion in water. Raman pump wavelength was selected to prevent the resonance of the excited-state Raman signal of water while obtaining the fingerprint Raman signals of GO. In contrast to the results of previous studies, our FSRS results indicate that upon UV excitation, the reduction of GO is triggered by the precursor of the solvated electron (presolvated electron) in 300 fs

sj-docx-1-ijs-10.1177_10668969211021997 - Supplemental material for <i>CRTC1–SS18</i> Fusion Sarcoma With Aberrant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Expression

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijs-10.1177_10668969211021997 for CRTC1–SS18 Fusion Sarcoma With Aberrant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Expression by Rui Pan, Ziyu Wang, Xiaotong Wang, Ru Fang, Qiuyuan Xia and Qiu Rao in International Journal of Surgical Pathology</p

sj-docx-3-ijs-10.1177_10668969211021997 - Supplemental material for <i>CRTC1–SS18</i> Fusion Sarcoma With Aberrant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Expression

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-ijs-10.1177_10668969211021997 for CRTC1–SS18 Fusion Sarcoma With Aberrant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Expression by Rui Pan, Ziyu Wang, Xiaotong Wang, Ru Fang, Qiuyuan Xia and Qiu Rao in International Journal of Surgical Pathology</p

Thermal-Responsive Conjugated Micropore Polymers for Smart Capture of Volatile Iodine

The capture of radioiodine is crucial for nuclear security and environmental protection due to its volatility and superior environmental fluidity. Herein, we propose a strategy of “temperature-dependent gate” based on a swellable conjugated microporous polymer (SCMP) to significantly improve the capture of volatile iodine. The SCMP is constructed via the Buchwald–Hartwig coupling reaction of building monomers containing amines. It possesses a hierarchical pore structure with restricted pores, which can be “opened” and “closed” by changing the temperature. By virtue of the thermal-responsive pore structure, it reaches adsorption equilibrium for iodine in 2 h with a capacity of 4.3 g g–1 at 90 °C and retains 92.8% adsorbed iodine at room temperature. The SCMP also exhibits a high adsorption capacity up to 3.5 g g–1 for dissolved iodine within 10 min, as well as good radiation resistance and high selectivity for iodine against moisture, VOCs, and HNO3 vapor. The mechanism is clarified for effective iodine capture and caging based on the relationship between temperature and the pore structure. This work develops not only a strategy to enhance the capture of gaseous and dissolved iodine but also a new adsorption mechanism for iodine capture, which can be extended to the separation and caging of resources or volatile pollutants in other fields