Data_Sheet_1_Domestic violence victimization among Chinese women and its relevance to their economic power.PDF

IntroductionThis study conducted a survey of domestic violence victimization among women in China. Previously little research has been conducted on the subject of domestic violence against Chinese women as well as its relevance to their own economic power.MethodsUsing online questionnaires, this study collected data about 412 women with current or previous marital status who came from four income brackets in Beijing and Shanghai.ResultsIt revealed that the proportions of physical, emotional, economic, and sexual violence they experienced were about 27.91%, 62.38%, 21.12%, and 30.10%, respectively. Women belonging to the highest income bracket faced almost the same risk of domestic violence compared with other income groups. Furthermore, there was a slight upward tendency in physical and emotional violence victimization in the highest-income group. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that adverse childhood experiences, arguments between couples due to different opinions regarding gender ideologies, and the approval level for specific gender ideologies were common significant factors across different income brackets. When all income brackets were considered, a higher income was tested as a protective factor with regard to sexual violence. As for the income gap between couples, women whose incomes were “once higher than that of the husband but now lower/almost the same” or “always higher than that of the husband” faced a higher risk of physical violence than women whose incomes were “always lower than/almost the same as that of the husband.”DiscussionThis study not only revealed the reality of domestic violence victimization in China but also suggested that more attention should be paid to high-income women's domestic violence victimization as well as the importance of helping them both through academia and domestic violence support institutions.</p

Additional file 1 of Pleiotropic genetic association analysis with multiple phenotypes using multivariate response best-subset selection

Additional file 1. Tables S1-S6 are showed in the Supplementary Materials

Performance evaluation of semantic segmentation models: a cross meta-frontier DEA approach

Performance evaluation of semantic segmentation models is an essential task because it helps to identify the best-performing model. Traditional methods, however, are generally concerned with the improvement of a single quality or quantity. Moreover, what causes low performance usually goes unnoticed. To address these issues, a new cross meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is proposed in this article. For evaluating model performance comprehensively, not only accuracy metrics, but also hardware burden and model structure factors, are taken as DEA outputs and inputs, separately. In addition, the potential inefficiency is attributed to architectures and backbones via efficiency decomposition, so that it can find the sources of inefficiency and provides a direction for performance improvement. Finally, based on the proposed approach, the performance of 16 classical semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC dataset are re-evaluated and explained. The results verify that the proposed approach can be considered as a comprehensive and interpretable performance evaluation technique, which expands the traditional accuracy-based measurement.</p

Longitudinal tri-foci Metalens empowered multiple-magnification and diffraction-limited microscope

Dielectric metalens has emerged as an attractive device for advanced imaging system because of its powerful manipulation ability of light beam, small volume, and light weight. However, the applications of silicon nitride (Si3N4) metalens are limited by the low refraction index of Si3N4, and multi-foci metalens has not been realized based on a Si3N4 metalens. Here, we deeply explore the working mechanism of a truncated waveguide meta-atom and obtain a Si3N4 metalens with longitudinal three diffraction-limited focal points. By utilizing the metalens sample as a condenser lens, a commercial microscope can obtain three magnifications based on a single objective lens. Finally, an infinity-corrected microscope with three high magnifications (9.5X, 10X, and 29X) and diffraction-limited resolution is integrated into centimetre-dimension for the first time by using the tri-foci metalens sample as an objective lens. This research would boost the scaling up of metalens microscope as well as the multifunctional application of Si3N4 metalens

The Log-Likelihood Ratio of Gamma and Lognormal Distributions Depend on the Heat Shock Parameters

<p>For 37 °C, the lognormal fits data better than the Gamma distribution. As the heat shock is increased from low to moderate, the Gamma distribution becomes a better fit. For strong heat shocks (at 44.5 °C for 30 min), there is no a clear separation between a Gamma distribution and a lognormal one.</p

GFP is Proportional with <i>X</i>₂

<p>The accumulation rate of <i>X</i>₂ is controlled by <i>X</i>₁. For weak and moderate shocks, the activation component <i>X</i>₁ reaches high values at the end of the heat pulse. The degradation rate of <i>X</i>₁ after the heat pulse is proportional with parameter <i>b</i>. The accumulation height of <i>X</i>₂ at the end of the heat pulse depends on parameter <i>a</i>.</p

Molecular Diagram for the Activation–Accumulation Process

<p>Molecular Diagram for the Activation–Accumulation Process</p

Seven Bit Nonvolatile Electrically Programmable Photonics Based on Phase-Change Materials for Image Recognition

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, how to efficiently store, transmit, and process massive amounts of data has become a major challenge now. Optical neural networks based on nonvolatile phase change materials (PCMs) have become a breakthrough point due to their zero static power consumption, low thermal crosstalk, large-scale, and high efficiency. However, current photonic devices cannot meet the multilevel requirements in neuromorphic computing due to their limited storage capacity. Here, a new way for increasing storage capacity is paved from the perspective of modulation of the crystallization kinetics of PCMs. A more progressive transition from the amorphous to the crystalline states is achieved through the grain-refinement phenomenon induced by nitrogen (N) element doping in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), giving precise access to more multibit states. By integrating N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (N-GST) with a waveguide, a high-capacity nonvolatile photonic device enabling over 7 bits (∼222 levels) storage is achieved for the first time. The storage capacity is increased nearly by 7 times compared to the state-of-the-art device (∼32 levels). An optical convolutional neural network is successfully established for the MINIST handwritten digit recognition task by mapping synapse weight to the multiple optical levels, and a recognition accuracy of up to 96.5% is achieved. Our work provides a new strategy for the development of integrated photonic devices with multilevel and demonstrates enormous application potential in the field of large-scale photonic neural networks

The Double Exponential Law

<div><p>(A) The accumulation of GFP is monitored for 18 h after heat shock. The fold induction is defined as the ratio of the mean value of GFP at different times (mean GFP) over the mean value at 30 min after the shock (mean GFP₀).</p><p>(B) The logarithm of the fold induction saturates exponentially in time. The last 15 samples were predicted by the fit on the first 25 points.</p><p>(C) The formula expresses the GFP fold induction as a function of time <i>t</i>. Parameters <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are programmed into the systems' response during the duration of the heat pulse. </p></div

Variation of Parameters <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> with Temperature and Duration of the Heat Pulse

<div><p>(A) The contours for <i>a</i> stop when <i>b</i> = 0 in the upper right region.</p><p>(B) In the lower left region, the contours for <i>b</i> stop when <i>a</i> = 0. Around 43.0 °C and duration 22 min, parameter <i>b</i> = 0.21 h⁻¹. The instability of the saddle configuration can be related to a need for sensitivity with variation in temperature and duration of the stress. Because of the double exponential law, a small variation in <i>b</i> will cause a big effect in the response to stress.</p></div