Global linkages and local institutions: the role of imports and MNEs in the regional diversification into complex products in China

This paper explores the role of product portfolios of domestic imports and foreign firms in the regional diversification of domestic firms to new exports. We find that regional diversification is favoured by product relatedness to the product portfolios of both imports and foreign firms. The positive effects from imports increase when diversifying to more complex products, while the effects from foreign firms remain relatively unchanged. Local embeddedness facilitates spillovers from foreign firms. Finally, local embeddedness amplifies the positive effects from both imports and foreign presence, particularly when diversifying into the most complex products.</p

Unconditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate in the immortalized F₂ population.

<p>Note: ^aUnconditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate in the IF₂ population;</p>b<p>Logarithm of Odds for each QTL.</p>c<p>A, additive values; D, dominant values;</p>d<p>The effect of each QTL; A, additive; PD, partial dominance; D, dominance; OD, overdominance;</p>e<p>R² contribution rate.</p

Performance of grain filling rate, grain filling duration and final kernel weight in the immortalized F₂ population at two locations.

<p>Note: ^aThe kernel weight in the IF₂ population;</p>b<p>The total thermal time from pollination to the last sampling on average in the IF₂ population;</p>c<p>The average grain filling rate in the IF₂ population.</p

Conditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate in the immortalized F₂ population.

<p>Note: ^aConditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate in the IF₂ population;</p>b<p>Logarithm of Odds for each QTL.</p>c<p>A, additive values; D, dominant values;</p>d<p>The effect of each QTL; A, additive; PD, partial dominance; D, dominance; OD, overdominance;</p>e<p>R² contribution rate.</p

Two main climate factors in maize grain filling duration in 2009–2010 at Zhengzhou (a) and Anyang (b).

<p>Two main climate factors in maize grain filling duration in 2009–2010 at Zhengzhou (a) and Anyang (b).</p

Chromosomal locations of QTLs detected for grain filling rate and kernel weight.

<p>Note: <i>Triangle</i> unconditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate, <i>Star</i> conditional QTLs detected for grain filling rate, <i>Round</i> unconditional QTLs detected for kernel weight.</p

Correlation coefficients between grain filling rate, grain filling duration and final kernel weight.

<p>Note: *, **Significant effect at probabilities of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively;</p><p>The correlation coefficients for 2009 are in the upper triangular area of the table and the correlation coefficients for 2010 are in the lower triangular area of the table.</p