How Can the European Federation for Colposcopy Promote High Quality Colposcopy Throughout Europe?

Since its inception in 1998, the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) now comprises 26 member societies. Its principle aim is to promote high quality colposcopy throughout Europe with special emphasis on training, education and treatment. This review summarises EFC’s activities and achievements to date

Kaplan–Meier curve illustrating incidence of epileptic seizures of patients during the follow-up period, based on Fut8 expression.

A. The incidence of epileptic seizures in epilepsy patients within 2 years between high and low Fut8 expression. B. The incidence of epileptic seizures in refractory epilepsy patients within 2 years between high and low Fut8 expression.</p

Evaluating epilepsy and refractory epilepsy by Fut8.

Evaluating epilepsy and refractory epilepsy by Fut8.</p

Changes in the expression of lectins in the patient’s serum.

A. Changes of lectins were examined by lectin chip. B. ELISA was used to detect AAL expression. C. ELISA was used to detect LCA expression. * indicated p p <0.01.</p

Receiver operating characteristic curve for evaluating epilepsy and refractory epilepsy by Fut8.

A. Fut8 could distinguish the epilepsy patients from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.620. B. Fut8 could distinguish the refractory epilepsy patients from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.856.</p

General information and serum VPA concentration in the epilepsy and refractory epilepsy patients.

A. The difference of weight between the three groups. B. The difference of sodium valproate dosage between the two groups. C. Changes of serum VPA concentration, upper shows 100 μg/ml, lower shows 50 μg/ml. NS shows no difference, * indicated p <0.05.</p

Correlation between serum Fut8 expression and valproic acid concentration.

A. The expression of Fut8 in three groups were detected by ELISA. B. Pearson Correlation analyzed the correlation between Fut8 and valproic acid in epilepsy patients. C. Pearson Correlation analyzed the correlation between Fut8 and valproic acid in refractory epilepsy patients. * indicated p0.05, ** indicated p0.01.</p

Characteristics of the control, epilepsy and refractory epilepsy patients.

Characteristics of the control, epilepsy and refractory epilepsy patients.</p

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With adequate serum concentration of antiepileptic drugs, the epilepsy symptoms in many patients still cannot be controlled well. The alteration of glycosyltransferase has obvious influence on the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In this study, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic value of fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) on epilepsy and refractory epilepsy. Serum samples of 199 patients with epilepsy, 59 patients with refractory epilepsy and 22 healthy controls who were diagnosed in Shenzhen Children’s hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were collected. The level of lectins was further analyzed by lectin chip and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic value of serum Fut8 for epilepsy and refractory epilepsy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, the difference in the recurrence rate of convulsion in patients with epilepsy or refractory epilepsy within 2 years were observed in different Fut8 expression patients. The concentration of valproic acid (VPA) were significant different between epilepsy and refractory epilepsy group. The expression of α1, 6-fucosylation and Fut8 was significantly increased in the refractory epilepsy group compared with healthy controls. The area under the curve of Fut8 as a biomarker for predicting epilepsy or refractory epilepsy was 0.620 and 0.856, respectively. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate of convulsion within 2 years in the children with refractory epilepsy (p = 0.0493) not epilepsy (p = 0.1865) between the high and low Fut8 expression groups. Fut8 was one of the effective indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of refractory epilepsy.</div

Correlations between the serum Fut8 with clinical characteristics in epilepsy and refractory epilepsy group.

Correlations between the serum Fut8 with clinical characteristics in epilepsy and refractory epilepsy group.</p