Data_Sheet_1_Evaluating occupational exposures of dental nurses: A retrospective study.PDF

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate occupational blood-borne pathogen exposure among dental nurses and their attitudes toward infected patients, as well as the effectiveness of the training course, to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of safety management in the dental hospital.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted using questionnaires administered from November 2019 to December 2019 in three hospitals in Sichuan Province, China. Frequencies for answers were calculated and presented as percentages.ResultsIn total, 257 valid questionnaires were returned. Most (61.9%) nurses stated that they were involved in occupational exposure. Among them, 154 had experienced sharp injuries, and the syringe needle was the most common instrument for injuries (45.8%). Twenty-two individuals had mucosal exposure, and the proportion of eye exposure was the highest (90.9%). Only associations between training and mucosal membrane exposure were found; however, the relevance was weak (r = 0.141). Of the participants, 86.4% felt morally responsible for taking care of patients with infectious diseases, and most (92.6%) said they would continue with this career.ConclusionOccupational exposure, particularly to sharp injuries, was common in medical care among dental nurses; however, vocational training had little effect on their incidence. As dental nurses still have positive attitudes toward patients with infectious diseases, more effective training should be conducted.</p

Economic Impacts from PM_2.5 Pollution-Related Health Effects: A Case Study in Shanghai

PM_2.5 pollution-related diseases cause additional medical expenses and work time loss, leading to macroeconomic impact in high PM_2.5 concentration areas. Previous economic impact assessments of air pollution focused on benefits from environmental regulations while ignoring climate policies. In this study, we examine the health and economic impacts from PM_2.5 pollution under various air pollution control strategies and climate policies scenarios in the megacity of Shanghai. The estimation adopts an integrated model combining a Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies (GAINS) model, exposure-response functions (ERFs), and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results show that without control measures, Shanghai’s mortality caused by PM_2.5 pollution are estimated to be 192 400 cases in 2030 and the work time loss to be 72.1 h/cap annually. The corresponding GDP values and welfare losses would be approximately 2.26% and 3.14%, respectively. With an estimated control cost of 0.76% of local GDP, Shanghai would gain approximately 1.01% of local GDP through local air pollution control measures and climate policies. Furthermore, the application of multiregional integrated control strategies in neighboring provinces would be the most effective in reducing PM_2.5 concentration in Shanghai, leading to only 0.34% of GDP loss. At the sectoral level, labor-intensive sectors suffer more output loss from PM_2.5 pollution. Sectors with the highest control costs include power generation, iron and steel, and transport. The results indicate that the combination of multiregional integrated air pollution control strategies and climate policies would be cost-beneficial for Shanghai

Assembly of Amino–Quinone Networks on Avermectin@mesoporous Silica with High Deposition to Leaf Surface

Most traditional pesticide formulations are prone to drift and rebound, causing low effective utilization. In this study, a versatile approach is reported to engineer coatings on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) via the self-assembly of amine (e.g., polyethylenimine) and quinone (e.g., 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) networks(AQN), a nanopesticide (Av@MCM-41@AQN) for controlled avermectin (Av) release was prepared to solve the above problems. The results showed that Av@MCM-41@AQN particles had excellent pesticide loading content (38%) and slow-release performance, and the photostability of Av@MCM-41@AQN was improved by 2.3-fold compared with the technical avermectin. Importantly, the amino–quinone networks present robust coatings with high adhesion, which can effectively inhibit the rebound of droplets on the hydrophobic base and reduce pesticide drift. The strategy reported in this study provides a way to solve the problem of low deposition efficiency and difficult residues of pesticides on leaves, which is of great significance for improving the utilization rate of pesticides

Antiferromagnetic Chromium-Doped Tin Clusters

The trend toward further miniaturization of micronano antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronic devices has led to a strong demand for low-dimensional materials. The assembly of AFM clusters to produce such materials is a potential pathway that promotes studies on such clusters. In this work, we report on the discovery of the AFM Cr2Snx (x = 3–20) clusters with a stepwise growth at the density functional theory (DFT) level. In comparison, the two Cr atoms tend to stay together and be buried by Sn atoms, forming endohedral structures with one Cr atom encapsulated at size 9 and finally forming a full-encapsulated structure at size 17. Each successive cluster size is composed of its predecessor with an extra Sn atom adsorbed onto the face, giving evidence of stepwise growth. All these Cr2Snx (x = 3–20) clusters are antiferromagnets, except for the triplet-state ferrimagnetic Cr2Sn11, and all their singly negatively and positively charged ions are ferromagnets. The found stable Cr2Sn17 cluster can dimerize, yielding dimers and trimers without noticeably distorting the geometrical structure and magnetic properties of each of its constituent cluster monomers, making it possible as a building block for AFM materials

Relative expression of <i>gacS</i> and <i>rsmA</i> in the wild-type PAO1 and Δ<i>miaB</i> mutant measured by RT-qPCR.

ns, not significant compared to the wild-type PAO1 strain based on Student’s t test. (TIF)</p

Disruption of the spermidine transporter by deleting <i>spuE</i> led to repressed expression of <i>miaB</i> and T3SS genes.

(A) Expression of spuE and miaB in the strains of ΔmiaB and Δvfr relative to that in the wild-type PAO1 strain was measured by RT-qPCR, respectively. (B) β-galactosidase activity of the PexsCEBA-lacZ transcriptional fusion in the wide-type PAO1 strain, ΔspuE, and ΔspuE with in trans expression of miaB. (C) Productions of the intracellular ExsA and extracellular ExoS proteins measured by western blot in the wide-type PAO1 strain, ΔspuE, and ΔspuE with in trans expression of miaB. (D) β-galactosidase activity of the PexsCEBA-lacZ transcriptional fusion in the wide-type PAO1, ΔmiaB, ΔspuE, and ΔmiaBΔspuE strains. (E) Productions of the intracellular ExsA and extracellular ExoS proteins measured by western blot in the wide-type PAO1, ΔmiaB, ΔspuE, and ΔmiaBΔspuE strains. ns, not significant; **, P P t test.</p

Growth curves of the wild-type PAO1 strain and the Δ<i>miaB</i> mutant.

(TIF)</p

<i>β</i>-galactosidase activity of the P<i>exsA</i>-<i>lacZ</i> transcriptional fusion in the wide-type PAO1 strain, Δ<i>miaB</i>, and Δ<i>miaB</i> with <i>in trans</i> expression of <i>miaB</i>.

ns, not significant compared to the wild-type PAO1 strain based on Student’s t test. (TIF)</p

Scalable, Electrochemical Oxidation of Unactivated C–H Bonds

A practical electrochemical oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds is presented. This reaction utilizes a simple redox mediator, quinuclidine, with inexpensive carbon and nickel electrodes to selectively functionalize “deep-seated” methylene and methine moieties. The process exhibits a broad scope and good functional group compatibility. The scalability, as illustrated by a 50 g scale oxidation of sclareolide, bodes well for immediate and widespread adoption

Sequence alignment between PA3980 in <i>P</i>. <i>aeruginosa</i> PAO1 and MiaB from <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> (ECO) and <i>S</i>. typhimurium (STM).

PA3980 from P. aeruginosa PAO1 shared 68.03% and 68.48% amino acid sequence identity with MiaB from E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively. (TIF)</p