Efficacy of targeted therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

<div><p>ABSTRACT We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the efficacy of the targeted therapies in the treatment of advanced RCC and, via an indirect comparison, to provide an optimal treatment among these agents. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials unpublished was performed up to Jan 1, 2015 to identify eligible randomized trials. Outcomes of interest assessing a targeted agent included progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). Thirty eligible randomized controlled studies, total twentyfourth trails (5110 cases and 4626 controls) were identified. Compared with placebo and IFN-α, single vascular epithelial growth factor (receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor and mammalian target of rapamycin agent (VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor) were associated with improved PFS, improved OS and higher ORR, respectively. Comparing sorafenib combination vs sorafenib, there was no significant difference with regard to PFS and OS, but with a higher ORR. Comparing single or combination VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor vs BEV + IFN-α, there was no significant difference with regard to PFS, OS, or ORR. Our network ITC meta-analysis also indicated a superior PFS of axitinib and everolimus compared to sorafenib. Our data suggest that targeted therapy with VEGF(r)-TKI & mTOR inhibitor is associated with superior efficacy for treating advanced RCC with improved PFS, OS and higher ORR compared to placebo and IFN-α. In summary, here we give a comprehensive overview of current targeted therapies of advanced RCC that may provide evidence for the adequate targeted therapy selecting.</p></div

Passivation process and the mechanism of packing particles in the Fe⁰/GAC system during the treatment of ABS resin wastewater

<div><p>This study provides mechanistic insights into the passivation of the packing particles during the treatment of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resin wastewater by the Fe⁰/GAC system. The granular-activated carbon (GAC) and iron chippings (Fe⁰) were mixed together with a volumetric ratio of 1:1. GAC has a mean particle size of approximately 3–5 mm, a specific surface of 748 m² g⁻¹, a total pore volume of 0.48 mL g⁻¹ and a bulk density of 0.49 g cm⁻³. The iron chippings have a compact and non-porous surface morphology. The results show that the packing particles in the Fe⁰/GAC system would lose their activity because the removal of TOC and for ABS resin wastewater could not carried out by the Fe⁰/GAC system after 40 days continuous running. Meanwhile, the availability of O₂ and intrinsic reactivity of Fe⁰ play a key role on the form of passive film with different iron oxidation states. The passive film on the surface of iron chippings was formed by two phases: (a) local corrosion phase (0–20 d) and (b) co-precipitation phase (20–40 d), while that of GAC was mainly formed by the co-precipitation of corrosion products with and because and would not easily reach the Fe⁰ surface. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of filler passivation, high concentrations of and in wastewater should be removed before the treatment process of the Fe/GAC system.</p></div

Additional file 2: of Xiangbin prescription for the recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal surgery (the XBPRS trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

SPIRIT Checklist for the XBPRS trial protocol. (DOC 150 kb

Additional file 1: of Alteration of gray matter texture features over the whole brain in medication-overuse headache using a 3-dimentional texture analysis

The voxel-based gray level co-occurrence matrix (VGLCM) was introduced as follows: Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is a well-known statistical texture analysis method in 2D gray level image. It also can be extended to define texture features on 3D gray level image. (DOCX 16 kb

Specifically and Visually Detect Methyl-Mercury and Ethyl-Mercury in Fish Sample Based on DNA-Templated Alloy Ag–Au Nanoparticles

Methyl-mercury (CH₃Hg⁺) and ethyl-mercury (C₂H₅Hg⁺) have much higher toxicity than Hg²⁺ and can be more easily accumulated by organisms to form severe bioamplification. Hence, the specific and on-site detection of CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺ in seafood is of great significance and a hard challenge. We herein designed two T-rich aptamers (H_T5 and H_T7) for specifically recognizing CH₃Hg⁺ and the total of CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺, respectively. In the presence of all Au³⁺, Ag⁺, and T-rich aptamer, CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺ specifically and preferentially bind with aptamer and thus induced the formation of alloy Ag–Au nanoparticles after reduction, which led to the color change in solution. This provided a sensing platform for the instrument-free visual discrimination and detection of CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺. By using H_T5 as probe, the method can be used to detect as low as 5.0 μM (equivalent to 1.0 μg Hg/g) of CH₃Hg⁺ by bare eye observation and 0.5 μM (equivalent to 100 ng Hg/g) of CH₃Hg⁺ by UV–visible spectrometry. By using H_T7 as probe, the method can be used to detect the total concentration of CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺ with a visual detection limit of 5.0 μM (equivalent to 1.0 μg Hg/g) and a UV–visible spectrometry detection limit of 0.6 μM (equivalent to 120 ng Hg/g). The proposed method has been successfully used to detect CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺ in fish muscle samples with a recovery of 101–109% and a RSD (<i>n</i> = 6) < 8%. The success of this study provided a potential method for the specific and on-site detection of CH₃Hg⁺ and C₂H₅Hg⁺ in seafood by only bare eye observation

The primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and probers for LDR.

<p>The primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and probers for LDR.</p

Crossover analysis by cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking status.

<p>^a adjusted for sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking and family history of cancer</p><p>α = 0.05.</p><p>Crossover analysis by cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking status.</p

Association between demographic data and cancer.

<p>NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; non-cardia GC, non-cardia gastric cancer; EC, esophageal cancer.</p><p>^a p values of unconditional logistic regression analysis, α = 0.05</p><p>^b female as reference.</p><p>Association between demographic data and cancer.</p

Candidate SNPs in this study.

<p>MAF: Minor allele frequency; HWE: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; α = 0.05.</p><p>Candidate SNPs in this study.</p

Association between SNPs and cancer.

<p>NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; non-cardia GC, non-cardia gastric cancer; EC, esophageal cancer.</p><p>Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate (FDR) method was used to adjust the multiple hypothesis tests, standard α = 0.05.</p><p>^a adjusted by age, gender, family history of cancer(non-cardia GC and EC), cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking.</p><p>Association between SNPs and cancer.</p