Interação adulto-criança: a influência da disposição na sala de aula

Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino no 1º Ciclo do Ensino BásicoO presente relatório, realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, visa compreender a influência da disposição das mesas na sala de aula na interação professor-aluno. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de caso, tendo como participantes quatro alunos de uma turma do 2º ano, do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Teve como principal técnica de recolha de dados a observação direta não participante. Relativamente aos dados foi efetuada uma análise de conteúdo, tendo por base a Escala de Empenhamento do Adulto do Manual do Projeto Desenvolvendo a Qualidade em Parcerias (DQP). Nesta escala constam três categorias referentes ao estilo de interação adulto-criança: Sensibilidade, Estimulação e Autonomia. Os resultados demonstraram que a disposição das mesas na sala de aula influenciam a interação do professor com os alunos. Em todas as disposições a categoria Sensibilidade obteve os valores mais elevados, seguindo-se a categoria Estimulação e, com valores mais baixos, a categoria Autonomia. No que respeita às disposições, foi a disposição em “U” que registou os valores mais elevados em todas as categorias e os mais baixos encontraram-se na disposição em “Filas e Colunas”. Em termos de interações, mais uma vez, foi na disposição em “U” onde estas ocorreram em maior número, seguindo-se a disposição “ Filas e Colunas”.This report, carried out within the framework of the Supervised Pedagogical Practice course of the Master's Degree in Pre-primary and Primary Education, aims to understand the influence of the arrangement of the tables in the classroom in the teacher-student interaction. Thus, a case study was carried out, having as participants four students of a class of the 2nd year of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education. The main technique of data collection was direct non-participant observation. Regarding the data, a content analysis was performed, based on the Adult Engagement Scale of the Developing Quality in Partnerships (DQP) Project Manual. In this scale there are three categories referring to the style of adult-child interaction: Sensitivity, Stimulation and Autonomy. The results showed that the arrangement of the tables in the classroom influenced the interaction of the teacher with the students. In all provisions, the Sensitivity category obtained the highest values, followed by the Stimulation category and, with lower values, the Autonomy category. Concerning the provisions, it was the "U" layout that registered the highest values in all categories and the lowest ones were found in the layout in "Rows and Columns". In terms of interactions, once again, it was in the "U" layout where these occurred in greater numbers, following the "Rows and Columns" layout

DAMH_CA by year (million, 2013 USD) and DAMH_CA disbursements as percentages of total DAMH, lower-bound estimates.

<p>DAMH, development assistance for mental health; DAMH_CA, development assistance for child and adolescent mental health, USD, US dollar.</p

Netted C‑Doped TiO₂ Mesoporous Nanostructure Decorated by Cu Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Acquiring an anatase TiO2 catalyst with tiny size and high crystallinity for excellent photocatalytic performance still remains a huge challenge. Herein, a mesoporous C-doped TiO2 netted nanostructure is successfully synthesized by a vacuum dipping and calcination method, where the thin film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes is skillfully utilized as the confinement template to suppress the grain growth and phase transfer. In addition, small Cu nanoparticles are deposited on the surfaces of the TiO2 by an electronic beam evaporation way. The obtained C–TiO2–Cu photocatalyst exhibits high CH4 and CO production rates of 8.8 and 60.3 μmol/g/h, respectively, which are excellent among the TiO2-based photocatalysts. This high performance originates from the following synergistic effects. This good crystalline and small size can facilitate the charge separation, while this unique netted mesoporous structure will provide sufficient sites for the reaction. Moreover, the C doping can enhance light absorption and the plasmonic Cu can inject hot electrons into TiO2, which will increase the amounts of electrons and promote their transfer

Recovering hidden sub-layers of repainted automotive paint by 3D optical coherence tomography

<p>In violent vehicular crimes, the damaged area of a vehicle is usually repainted artificially in order to conceal the evidence. Detecting and recovering the hidden sub-layer morphology of repainted automotive paint is highly valuable for providing trace evidence in hit-and-run cases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel forensic imaging technique for repainted automotive paint analysis with the advantages of non-destructive, noncontact, high-resolution and cross-sectional imaging. In this study, we applied a custom-built spectral-domain OCT configuration with ~6 μm axial and lateral resolution to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of an artificially prepared, internally-damaged, repainted automotive paint surface. Two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images were produced to locate the damaged area and 3D-OCT reconstruction was performed to directly visualize the sub-layers beneath the repainted paint surface. The results demonstrate that 3D-OCT technology manages to recover high-resolution sub-layer images of the repainted automotive paint through volumetric imaging, and thus provides more valuable information for forensic purposes.</p

Heterostructured MXene/Ni Composites for Tunable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Designing an absorber to mitigate the electromagnetic radiation pollution caused by the rapid development of radio technology with multiple characteristics, including high reflection loss (RL), broad absorption bandwidth, thinness, and low filling ratio, is crucial but challenging. This work prepared three-dimensional heterogeneous MXene/Ni composites by using an electrostatic self-assembly method. Due to the synergistic effect of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, and the unique heterogeneous structure, the obtained multilayer MXene/Ni composites, with a low filling ratio of 15 wt % and a thickness of only 1.5 mm, achieved an astonishing minimum RL value of −79.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.35 GHz. Furthermore, an ultrawide tunable EAB of 12.35 GHz could be obtained in the frequency range of 3.30–15.65 GHz by adjusting the matching thickness of the samples. This design of a heterogeneous interface structure provides a practical strategy to develop high-performance next-generation electromagnetic absorbers

MUC1-EGFR crosstalk with IL-6 by activating NF-κB and MAPK pathways to regulate the stemness and paclitaxel-resistance of lung adenocarcinoma

The chemotherapy resistance often leads to chemotherapy failure. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism by which MUC1 regulates paclitaxel resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), providing scientific basis for future target selection. The bioinformatics method was used to analyse the mRNA and protein expression characteristics of MUC1 in LUAD. RT-qPCR and ELISA were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression, flow cytometry was used to detect CD133+ cells, and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The mRNA-seq was performed to analyse the changes in expression profile, GO and KEGG analysis were used to explore the potential biological functions. MUC1 is highly expressed in LUAD patients and is associated with a higher tumour infiltration. In paclitaxel resistance LUAD cells (A549/TAX cells), the expression of MUC1, EGFR/p-EGFR and IL-6 were higher than that of A549 cells, the proportion of CD133+ cells was significantly increased, and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSCs) transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2) were significantly up-regulated. After knocking down MUC1 in A549/Tax cells, the activity of A549/Tax cells was significantly decreased. Correspondingly, the expression of EGFR, IL-6, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 were significantly down-regulated. The mRNA-seq showed that knocking down MUC1 affected the gene expression, DEGs mainly enriched in NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway. MUC1 was highly expressed in A549/TAX cells, and MUC1-EGFR crosstalk with IL-6 may be due to the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which promote the enrichment of CSCs and lead to paclitaxel resistance.</p

Assessing development assistance for child survival between 2000 and 2014: A multi-sectoral perspective

<div><p>Background</p><p>The majority of Countdown countries did not reach the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 4) on reducing child mortality, despite the fact that donor funding to the health sector has drastically increased. When tracking aid invested in child survival, previous studies have exclusively focused on aid targeting reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH). We take a multi-sectoral approach and extend the estimation to the four sectors that determine child survival: health (RMNCH and non-RMNCH), education, water and sanitation, and food and humanitarian assistance (Food/HA).</p><p>Methods and findings</p><p>Using donor reported data, obtained mainly from the OECD Creditor Reporting System and Development Assistance Committee, we tracked the level and trends of aid (in grants or loans) disbursed to each of the four sectors at the global, regional, and country levels. We performed detailed analyses on missing data and conducted imputation with various methods. To identify aid projects for RMNCH, we developed an identification strategy that combined keyword searches and manual coding. To quantify aid for RMNCH in projects with multiple purposes, we adopted an integrated approach and produced the lower and upper bounds of estimates for RMNCH, so as to avoid making assumptions or using weak evidence for allocation. We checked the sensitivity of trends to the estimation methods and compared our estimates to that produced by other studies. Our study yielded time-series and recipient-specific annual estimates of aid disbursed to each sector, as well as their lower- and upper-bounds in 134 countries between 2000 and 2014, with a specific focus on Countdown countries. We found that the upper-bound estimates of total aid disbursed to the four sectors in 134 countries rose from US$22.62 billion in 2000 to US$ 59.29 billion in 2014, with the increase occurring in all income groups and regions with sub-Saharan Africa receiving the largest sum. Aid to RMNCH has experienced the fastest growth (12.4%), followed by aid to Food/HA (9.4%), education (5.1%), and water and sanitation (5.0%). With the exception of RMNCH, the average per capita aid disbursed to each sector in the 74 Countdown countries was smaller than in non-Countdown countries. While countries with a large number of child deaths tend to receive the largest amount of disbursements, non-Countdown countries with small populations usually received the highest level of per capita aid for child survival among all 134 countries. Compared to other Countdown countries, those that met MDG 4 with a high reliance on health aid received much higher per capita aid across all sectors. These findings are robust to estimation methods.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The study suggests that to improve child survival, better targeted investments should be made in the four sectors, and aid to non-health sectors could be a possible contributor to child mortality reduction. We recommend that future studies on tracking aid for child survival go beyond the health sector and include other sectors that directly affect child survival. Investigation should also be made about the link between aid to each of the four sectors and child mortality reduction.</p></div

Upper-bound estimates of aid disbursed to projects with specific indications on listed.

<p>Upper-bound estimates of aid disbursed to projects with specific indications on listed.</p

Dose-response curves in last three scenarios.

<p>Dose-response curves in last three scenarios.</p

Six sets of annual recipient-level estimates.

<p>Six sets of annual recipient-level estimates.</p