Comparisons of effects of emotional conflict between MDD patients and healthy controls.

<p>The emotional conflict effect induced by the traditional emotional incongruent (EI) trials (i.e., positive word distractor and negative face target, negative distractor - positive target) and emotional congruent (EC) trials (i.e., positive distractor - positive target, negative distractor - negative target) was illustrated in (A) (negative target) and (B) (positive target). The emotional conflict effect induced by the special EI (i.e., depression-related distractor - positive target) trials and EC (i.e., depression-related distractor - negative target) trials associated with the depression-related words was shown in (C) (negative target) and (D) (positive target). Error bars show standard errors. <i>* p</i><.05, ** <i>p</i><.01.</p

Mean reaction times (ms) and error rates (% in brackets) for depression-related emotional conflict effect in MDD patients and healthy controls.

<p> <i>Note.</i></p><p>*<i>p</i><.05,</p><p>**<i>p</i><.01. Abbreviations: DN represents a combination of depression-related word distractor and negative face target; PN, positive distractor – negative target; PP, positive distractor – positive target; DP, depression-related distractor – positive target.</p

Experimental paradigm. Following a 500 ms warning signal (+), the Stroop stimuli was presented.

<p>The distractor word (positive, negative or depression-related) was presented for 200 ms, and the target face (positive or negative) was present for no more than 1000 ms. Subjects were asked to identify the valence of faces while ignoring words overlaid on them within 2000 ms. The target face and the following blank will disappear after the response. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) was 1000 ms. Emotional incongruent (EI) trials consisted of faces and words with opposing valence, and emotional congruent (EC) trials consisted of faces and words with identical valence. Faces were presented in color and words in blue.</p

Demographic and clinical data for MDD patients and healthy controls.

<p>Demographic and clinical data for MDD patients and healthy controls.</p

Mean reaction times (ms) and error rates (% in brackets) for traditional emotional conflict effect in MDD patients and healthy controls.

<p> <i>Note.</i></p><p>**<i>p</i><.01. Abbreviations: NN represents a combination of negative word distractor and negative face target; PN, positive distractor – negative target; PP, positive distractor – positive target; NP, negative distractor – positive target.</p

Supplemental Material - Moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses

Supplemental Material for Moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses by Bowen Xue, Shujin Wang, Dandan Chen, Zhiguo Hu, Yaping Feng and Hong Luo in Nursing Ethics</p

Nanoparticle Based on Poly(Ionic Liquid) as an Efficient Solid Immobilization Catalyst for Aldol Reaction and Multicomponent Reaction in Water

An environmentally friendly nanoparticle-supported catalyst was successfully prepared via in situ ionic complexation between imidazolium-based polymer ionic liquid (PIL) and poly­(l-prolinamide-<i>co</i>-MAA). The physical and chemical properties of the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, and static water contact angle experiments. The surface properties of the nanoparticle were found to significantly affect the catalytic performance. The nanoparticle with PIL outer facilitated the adsorption of reaction substrate in it. As a result, the catalytic system catalyzed the asymmetric Aldol reaction and multicomponent reaction in pure water efficiently. The catalytic system was able to be reused and recycled five times, and with no discernible loss in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. These findings suggest that nanoparticles based on PIL may provide a new approach for preparing high performance supported catalysts for organic reactions in water. This technology also addresses issues associated with mass transfer in pure water reactions

Data_Sheet_1_Phenomenological characteristics of autobiographical future thinking in nurses with burnout: a case-control study.doc

ObjectiveNurses constitute the largest group of healthcare workers worldwide, and job burnout is very common among them. This study aims to explore abnormal future thinking in nurses with burnout. Additionally, the study investigates whether these manifestations worsen as burnout progresses.MethodsThe study was conducted in inpatient ward nurses at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. In the first phase, two group of nurses were recruited: nurses with burnout (N = 70) and nurses without burnout (N = 70). In the second phase, three groups were recruited according to the burnout levels: mild burnout (N = 43), moderate burnout (N = 42) and severe burnout (N = 43). Data on job burnout were obtained using the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Sentence Completion for Events in the Future Test (SCEFT) was employed to measure the content of future thinking, which was evaluated by two raters in terms of the specificity, emotional valence, and concrete content of the imagined future events. The proportions of specific types of events among all the produced events were calculated.ResultsThe results revealed that nurses with burnout, compared to nurses without burnout, imagined fewer specific future events, positive events, and events related to relationships and achievement. They also had more omissions. As the level of burnout increased, their impairment in future thinking worsened. Furthermore, the results also revealed that the scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment had significant correlations with the proportions of positive events and events related to relationships and achievement/mastery in nurses’ future thinking content.ConclusionThe future thinking ability of nurses with burnout was impaired, and this impairment worsened as the symptoms of burnout progressed. The findings of the present study have important implications for nurse caring and advocate effective interventions targeting positive future thinking to mitigate nurses’ burnout.</p