Geosocial Media as a Proxy for Security: A Review

Since the rapid growth of urban populations, the study of urban systems has gained considerable attention from researchers, decision makers, governments, and organizations. Urban systems are complex and dynamic such that they produce emergent patterns such as self-organization and nonlinearity. Agent-based modelling presents an approach to simulating and abstracting urban systems to reveal and study emergent patterns from urban-related entities. However, agent-based models are difficult to effectively optimize and validate without high quality real-world data. Geosocial media data provides agent-based models with location-enabled data at high volumes and frequencies. Integrating agent-based models with geosocial media data presents opportunities in advancing and developing studies in urban systems. This paper provides a general overview of concepts, review of recent applications, and discussion of challenges and opportunities in the context of using geosocial media data in agent-based models for urban systems. We argue that ABMs focused on studying urban systems can benefit greatly from geosocial media data, given that research moves towards standard guidelines that enable the comparison and effective use of ABMs, and geosocial media data under appropriate circumstances and applications. </p

Visualization 1: Phase extraction from fringe pattern via light propagation

Phase reconstruction with different focal lengths Originally published in Applied Optics on 10 January 2017 (ao-56-2-218

Additional file 5: Figure S3. of Association mapping for total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in barley

Estimation of the most probable number of clusters (k). (DOCX 27 kb

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for the Phenolic Acid Contents and Their Association with Agronomic Traits in Tibetan Wild Barley

Phenolic acids have been of considerable interest in human nutrition because of their strong antioxidative properties. However, even in a widely grown crop, such as barley, their genetic architecture is still unclear. In this study, genetic control of two main phenolic acids, ferulic acid (FA) and <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (<i>p</i>-CA), and their associations with agronomic traits were investigated among 134 Tibetan wild barley accessions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified three DArT markers (bpb-2723, bpb-7199, and bpb-7273) associated with <i>p</i>-CA content and one marker (bpb-3653) associated with FA content in 2 consecutive years. The contents of the two phenolic acids were positively correlated with some agronomic traits, such as the first internode length, plant height, and some grain color parameters, and negatively correlated with the thousand-grain weight (TGW). This study provides DNA markers for barley breeding programs to improve the contents of phenolic acids

Image_2_Developmental Characteristics and Auxin Response of Epiphytic Root in Dendrobium catenatum.TIF

Dendrobium catenatum, a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine, belongs to epiphytic orchids. Its special life mode leads to the specialization of roots, but there is a lack of systematic research. The aerial root in D. catenatum displays diverse unique biological characteristics, and it initially originates from the opposite pole of the shoot meristem within the protocorm. The root development of D. catenatum is not only regulated by internal cues but also adjusts accordingly with the change in growth environments. D. catenatum root is highly tolerant to auxin, which may be closely related to its epiphytic life. Exogenous auxin treatment has dual effects on D. catenatum roots: relatively low concentration promotes root elongation, which is related to the induced expression of cell wall synthesis genes; excessive concentration inhibits the differentiation of velamen and exodermis and promotes the overproliferation of cortical cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of WOX11-WOX5 regeneration pathway genes and cell division regulatory genes. Overexpression of D. catenatum WOX12 (DcWOX12) in Arabidopsis inhibits cell and organ differentiation, but induces cell dedifferentiation and callus production. Therefore, DcWOX12 not only retains the characteristics of ancestors as stem cell regulators, but also obtains stronger cell fate transformation ability than homologous genes of other species. These findings suggest that the aerial root of D. catenatum evolves special structure and developmental characteristics to adapt to epiphytic life, providing insight into ideal root structure breeding of simulated natural cultivation in D. catenatum and a novel target gene for improving the efficiency of monocot plant transformation.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Developmental Characteristics and Auxin Response of Epiphytic Root in Dendrobium catenatum.xlsx

Dendrobium catenatum, a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine, belongs to epiphytic orchids. Its special life mode leads to the specialization of roots, but there is a lack of systematic research. The aerial root in D. catenatum displays diverse unique biological characteristics, and it initially originates from the opposite pole of the shoot meristem within the protocorm. The root development of D. catenatum is not only regulated by internal cues but also adjusts accordingly with the change in growth environments. D. catenatum root is highly tolerant to auxin, which may be closely related to its epiphytic life. Exogenous auxin treatment has dual effects on D. catenatum roots: relatively low concentration promotes root elongation, which is related to the induced expression of cell wall synthesis genes; excessive concentration inhibits the differentiation of velamen and exodermis and promotes the overproliferation of cortical cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of WOX11-WOX5 regeneration pathway genes and cell division regulatory genes. Overexpression of D. catenatum WOX12 (DcWOX12) in Arabidopsis inhibits cell and organ differentiation, but induces cell dedifferentiation and callus production. Therefore, DcWOX12 not only retains the characteristics of ancestors as stem cell regulators, but also obtains stronger cell fate transformation ability than homologous genes of other species. These findings suggest that the aerial root of D. catenatum evolves special structure and developmental characteristics to adapt to epiphytic life, providing insight into ideal root structure breeding of simulated natural cultivation in D. catenatum and a novel target gene for improving the efficiency of monocot plant transformation.</p

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of Association mapping for total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in barley

Correlation analysis of TPC, FLC and AOA in Tibetan wild barley. (a) correlation for TPC between 2013 and 2014; (b) correlation in FLC between 2013 and 2014; (c) correlation in AOA between 2013 and 2014. **, represents significant correlation at P < 0.01. (DOCX 80 kb

Image_1_Developmental Characteristics and Auxin Response of Epiphytic Root in Dendrobium catenatum.PNG

Dendrobium catenatum, a traditional precious Chinese herbal medicine, belongs to epiphytic orchids. Its special life mode leads to the specialization of roots, but there is a lack of systematic research. The aerial root in D. catenatum displays diverse unique biological characteristics, and it initially originates from the opposite pole of the shoot meristem within the protocorm. The root development of D. catenatum is not only regulated by internal cues but also adjusts accordingly with the change in growth environments. D. catenatum root is highly tolerant to auxin, which may be closely related to its epiphytic life. Exogenous auxin treatment has dual effects on D. catenatum roots: relatively low concentration promotes root elongation, which is related to the induced expression of cell wall synthesis genes; excessive concentration inhibits the differentiation of velamen and exodermis and promotes the overproliferation of cortical cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of WOX11-WOX5 regeneration pathway genes and cell division regulatory genes. Overexpression of D. catenatum WOX12 (DcWOX12) in Arabidopsis inhibits cell and organ differentiation, but induces cell dedifferentiation and callus production. Therefore, DcWOX12 not only retains the characteristics of ancestors as stem cell regulators, but also obtains stronger cell fate transformation ability than homologous genes of other species. These findings suggest that the aerial root of D. catenatum evolves special structure and developmental characteristics to adapt to epiphytic life, providing insight into ideal root structure breeding of simulated natural cultivation in D. catenatum and a novel target gene for improving the efficiency of monocot plant transformation.</p

Additional file 4: Table S3. of Transcriptome profiling analysis for two Tibetan wild barley genotypes in responses to low nitrogen

The FPKM value of 1469 DEGs in XZ149 and XZ56. (XLSX 464 kb

Additional file 2: of Online HIV prevention intervention on condomless sex among men who have sex with men: a web-based randomized controlled trial

Screenshots of the Scenario Experiencing Intervention. (DOCX 4707 kb